City Life During The Mid 1800s Essay

Source Two: Taken from the web webpage ‘Victorian Web’; 2002 During the main many years of Victoria’s rule, showers were for all intents and purposes obscure in the more unfortunate areas and exceptional anyplace. Most families of every single financial class despite everything utilized â€Å"privy-pails†; water storage rooms (flush toilets) were uncommon. Sewers had level bottoms, and in light of the fact that channels were made out of stone, drainage was significant. On the off chance that, as was frequently the situation in towns, roads were unpaved, they may remain lower leg somewhere down in mud for quite a long time. Source Three: 1850s animation; ‘A Court for King Cholera’ (From Punch Magazine) Source Four: Henry Mayhew, ‘Jouneys through London’; 1849 W e at that point traveled on to London Street, down which the flowing trench proceeds with its course. In No. 1 of this road the cholera initially seemed seventeen years prior, and spread up it with dreadful speed; however this year it showed up at the far edge, and ran down it with like seriousness. As we went along the stinking banks of the sewer the sun shone upon a limited error of the water. In the brilliant light it showed up the shade of solid green tea, and emphatically looked as strong as dark marble in the shadow †for sure it was more similar to watery mud than sloppy water; but we were guaranteed this was the main water the pitiful occupants needed to drink. As we looked with dismay at it, we saw channels and sewers exhausting their dingy contents into it; we saw an entire level of doorless privies in the open street, normal to people, worked over it; we heard a great many cans of rottenness sprinkle into it, and the appendages of the transient young men washing in it appeared by unadulterated power of differentiation, white as Parian marble. In this pitiable spot we were taken to a house where a baby lay dead of the cholera. We inquired as to whether they truly did drink the water? The appropriate response was, â€Å"They were obliged to drink the dump, without they could ask or steal a pailful of water.† But have you addressed your landowner about having it laid on for you? â€Å"Yes, sir and he says he will do it, and do it, yet we realize him better than to accept him.† Source Five; Father Thames presenting his posterity (Diptheria, Scrofula and Cholera); An animation distributed in 1858 (From Punch Magazine) [If this picture is hazy, utilize the accompanying rundown: This shows a woman with a crown being presented by an unusual sort of man coming out of the waterway to three disfigured animals, looking awful as they are pushed forward to welcome the lady.] By Mr Jones www.SchoolHistory.co.uk Questions; 1. Study source one cautiously †What does it appear? (3 imprints) †What is the message of the image? (3 imprints) †Skeletons don’t ‘dispense’ water. In this manner the source is pointless to a student of history of mid 1800s city life. Do you concur? (6 imprints) 2. Peruse source two cautiously †Give three dangers to wellbeing referenced in the source (3 imprints) 3. Study source three cautiously. †How would you be able to tell that this ‘court’ is an unfortunate spot? (4 imprints) †Do you think this animation is probably going to be dependable? Clarify your answer. (6 imprints) 4. Study source four cautiously †Do Henry Mayhew’s remarks back up the perspectives on the illustrator in source three? (7 imprints) 5. Study source five cautiously †‘Dirty water unquestionably was the fundamental driver of sickness in the 1800s’. Do you concur? Disclose concerning any sources you wish and your own insight. (8 imprints)

Current Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory

Question: Talk about theCurrent Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory. Answer: In the present time, for estimating salary, regulating hypothesis is exceptionally huge. This is on the grounds that it uses an equation for deciding pay contingent upon esteem and not cost. Along these lines, standardizing hypothesis isn't dependent on perception; be that as it may, it relies upon the way toward bookkeeping to be made (Mathews Perera, 1996). Authentic cost bookkeeping: One of the speculations of regularizing bookkeeping is recorded cost bookkeeping, which is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of an advantage on the accounting report explanation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of obtaining. This measure is valuable, since it is fair-minded and autonomously undeniable. Therefore, it helps in expanding the general dependability of the financial specialists and other outside clients (Deegan, 2014). Be that as it may, the chronicled cost bookkeeping doesn't suit the impact of expansion and in this way, the cost of the advantage decays. Regulating options in contrast to chronicled cost bookkeeping and their fundamental presumptions: There are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping; three of them are depicted quickly as follows: Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA): CPPA suggests recording and refreshing the things of bookkeeping dependent on day by day buyer value list. If there should arise an occurrence of swelling, costs would increment and henceforth, accounts should be stayed up with the latest for altering every single money related thing. This hypothesis depends on the presumptions of both accumulation premise and going concern ideas (Mathews Perera, 1996). The primary favorable position of this technique is that as CPPA proclamations are set up on strengthening premise, the chronicled accounts are looked after viably. Be that as it may, this strategy considers the varieties as a rule buying power, while disregarding the varieties in singular thing esteems and consequently, all the provisos in the recorded cost bookkeeping couldn't be disposed of. For example, ABC Limited bought hardware on first July 2016 for $140,000. The straight-line deterioration technique is followed more than four-year time frame having zero leftover worth. The lists at the general cost level are 130 on first July 2016 and 140 on first July 2017; in this manner, prompting a normal of 135 for the year. The deterioration cost would be $35,000 ($140,000/4). Notwithstanding, the devaluation sum that would be reflected in the pay proclamation of ABC Limited for the period finished 30th June 2017 would be $37,692 ($35,000 x 140/130). Current cost bookkeeping (CCA): CCA understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the procedure that considers the way toward creating and examining budget reports in a way that the appropriate value change is considered essentially (Henderson et al., 2015).This strategy accept that fixed resources are recorded at the expense of substitution and inventories are appeared at advertise values. The primary bit of leeway of this framework is that benefit could be processed with no variety in authentic benefit. Be that as it may, this technique doesn't give satisfactory data, which would be advantageous from the perspective of the financial specialists. For instance, it is accepted that a machine having monetary existence of ten years could be obtained for $80,000. It is additionally accepted that the machine has further monetary existence of five years with no piece esteem. Accordingly, the machine substitution cost would be $40,000 ($80,000 less deterioration for a long time). Reasonable Value Accounting (FVA): FVA is an impartial and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of a benefit, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and gracefully, procurement, creation, dissemination cost, supplanting cost alongside emotional elements like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and separately saw utility. In any case, this strategy limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages. Feasibility of the standardizing options in contrast to recorded cost bookkeeping: In light of the above assessment, it could be expressed that despite the fact that there are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping, all techniques are dependent upon control in setting standards to check corporate execution. If there should arise an occurrence of CPPA, the progressions are made in the general value level and it doesn't lay sufficient accentuation on the specific value level. Therefore, the present estimation of the hierarchical assets isn't reflected in the budgetary reports. CCA couldn't decide charge liabilities and therefore, it neglects to give nitty gritty examination of the genuine expenses of a business. If there should be an occurrence of FVA, the financial specialists consistently don't see that a firm uses FVA approach. Thus, it prompts speculator disappointment, since the loss of significant worth in net benefit becomes loss of salary for the financial specialists. Consequently, none of the methodologies are feasible to dispose of the co nsiderable number of provisos in recorded cost bookkeeping. IASB applied system and its target of broadly useful monetary revealing: IASB theoretical system builds up the bookkeeping guidelines for guaranteeing their consistency with one another alongside improving the believability of bookkeeping data. The essential target of broadly useful monetary detailing is to give money related data helpful to the current and future potential financial specialists, moneylenders and different partners for settling on asset related choices with respect to the association. Fundamental clients of universally useful money related revealing: Coming up next are the clients of the budget reports and their suggestions for bookkeeping estimations as spread out in the calculated system: Leasers and providers: These clients would be keen on data, which would empower them in learning whether the sums that are owed to them would be paid in an auspicious way. Moneylenders: The moneylenders would try to acquire data that would help them in deciding the installment of credits when they become due for choosing whether or not to give new advances to the association. Financial specialists: The financial specialists are engaged with providing hazard capital as subsidizing. Likewise, these partners are concerned with respect to the intrinsic hazard and the arrival they could anticipate from their general ventures (IFRS, 2010). Clients: The clients would be keen on the duration of business activities, especially on the off chance that they are profoundly dependent on the items and administrations of the association. Representatives: The staffs may expect to increase a review about the benefit level and soundness of their managers. This may bring about certainty viewing their occupations and accordingly, they could be used for talking about compensation and business conditions. Government: The legislature and its related offices are intrigued to think about the asset portion and the business tasks of the general associations. Overall population: An association has direct effect on this gathering of partner in an assortment of ways, especially the procedure that may add to the neighborhood economy. Suggestions for bookkeeping estimation to the recognized clients of universally useful money related revealing: The distinguishing proof of explicit clients has direct ramifications on the arrangement of future bookkeeping principles and its audit of current gauges of bookkeeping to introduce the budget summaries in a compelling way (IFRS, 2013). Both reasonable worth and authentic expense are presently considered in reasonable worth bookkeeping, as reasonable worth speaks to the genuine estimations of those advantages, which increment the dependability of the money related framework. There are five estimation bases and their client prerequisites change from one another, which are shown quickly as follows: Recorded expense: Recorded expense is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of a benefit on the asset report articulation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of obtaining. This measure is useful, since it is impartial and freely obvious. Therefore, it helps in expanding the general dependability of the financial specialists and other outer clients. Be that as it may, the clients couldn't believe recorded cost bookkeeping completely; as this measure neglects to consider the impact on swelling on the advantage, which may limit the estimation of the benefit. Reasonable worth: FVA is a fair-minded and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of a benefit, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and flexibly, procurement, creation, dissemination cost, supplanting cost alongside emotional variables like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and exclusively saw utility. Nonetheless, this technique limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages in spite of the way that the vast majority of the clients incline toward this measure for esteeming the benefits of the associations. Current expense: Current expense understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the strategy that considers the way toward creating and dissecting fiscal summaries in a way that the appropriate value change is considered altogether. Feasible worth: Feasible worth could be characterized as the advantage esteem, which could be perceived at the hour of benefit deal less sensible projection of the cost identified with either inevitable deal or resource removal (IFRS, 2015a). For this situation, the directors are expected to post those exchanges that produce lower benefits possibly alongside confining the exaggeration of benefit. Consequently, the speculators probably won't have the option to acquire real outline of the monetary situation of the business associations. Worth being used: The worth being used of a benefit is its present total assets, which is figured by assessing the net future worth containing the expendable worth, if the advantage is weakened. The design is that advantages need not be surveyed at over their recoverable sum esteems. This worth doesn't consider the procurement cost and henceforth, it depends on the present market esteem, which would help the

Essay Topics About Media

Essay Topics About MediaThere are several different types of essay topics about media. Essay topics about media include the following. No topic is exactly the same and you should make sure that you choose a topic based on your particular needs and that the essay is applicable to your chosen area of study.Sports Television. Sports on television is probably the most popular type of media that is discussed in a general fashion by students. Students can look to recent events for an example of the kinds of things that they might expect to be discussed in a class discussion about the pros and cons of sports on television. Students can also look to previous events to see what types of things were talked about prior to a successful televised event. Students should be prepared to discuss topics such as how sports on television are currently affecting sports fans and viewers, the benefits of sports on television to the sport itself, and the effect of media coverage on sporting teams.Journalism . Essays about media in the context of journalism are designed to be both thought-provoking and clear. Students will discuss the most important issues that arise from an examination of the ethical responsibilities of journalists to their readers, to their society, and to the world in which they work. They will explore what journalism means in the modern world of media and how the ethics of journalists relate to current social and political issues.Film. A number of different types of media are presented in a film or represented on television or the internet. Some of these are old media, such as photographs, which represent the historical past. Others are new media, such as video and audio recordings. A discussion of these in a course about media will cover the historical, cultural, and sociological aspects of the media, as well as the effects of the media on our daily lives.Cinema. Films films, and they are presented in a variety of formats and formats. This often means that students will have to cover the entire range of media that can be presented in a film, including visual presentations, audio presentations, and written representations. Essays about the nature of the film industry are appropriate for a course about media in all media, but this is a more specialized area of the study of media than some other areas of the field.Literature. Some courses of study focus primarily on the literary history of a specific period of time. In such a course, students would expect to examine how literature has developed through time, examining issues such as its impact on society, the impact of literature on people, and the ways in which the literature of a specific time and place influenced other forms of literature in the same period. Essays about media in this type of course can be about how literature has impacted society, how literature impacts society, or how literature influences the world today.Video and Audio. A number of different forms of media are introduced in a course about media in the modern age. This can include television, movies, music videos, books, websites, the internet, and more.These are just a few of the more popular areas of media that are used to teach about the type of media. Students should be prepared to choose a topic that they feel is appropriate for their career goals, along with being aware of the fact that there are so many other areas of media.

Prostitution As A Alternative Occupation Choice - 1889 Words

The adage the world s oldest profession (Kennedy, Klein, Bristowe, Cooper, Yuille, 2007), describes prostitution as a alternative occupation choice. However, with reverence towards street prostitution, becoming an prostitute may not be a controlled, intentional occupational choice of that individual. To a certain extent, it may possibly be a last alternative choice. Although there is a increasing amount of research exploring life for prostituted women on the streets, there is no research thus far describing the recruitment process. However, there is information available that describes the paths towards street prostitution. â€Å"Both pimp recruitment techniques and† economical influences that may have an impact on a woman psychological†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Kennedy et al., (2007), stated that many pimps may have an psychopathic mental illness associated with known psychological ideations in relations to various levels of violence. Another technique a pimp will use, to gain control of an underage girl to start a life of prostitution, is by acting as if they love them. That is, a pimp capitalizes on the â€Å"vulnerabilities, stereotypes, and insecurities† (Kennedy et al., 2007), of an under aged teenager, who may be a run away teenager and is living on the streets. Furthermore, he has capability to distort that girl s common sense of moral beliefs with astounding speed. During this process, a pimp will entice her with kindness and gifts. Thereafter, the he makes certain that the she is fully aware of the expenses he spent on her. Once the teenager becomes deeply and totally in love with the him, he tells her that they are out of money and that they need more money to maintain their new lifestyle. Being fully aware of the amount of money that was spent on her, the girl acquires a sense of guilt for their circumstances, thus she becomes willing to help in any way she can. As a result thereof, the girl begi ns to prostitute herself to earn the much needed money for their home. (Kennedy et al., 2007) However, there may be situations where both foreign and domestic women and children, of all ethnic, social/economic status, and ages, have been deceitfully recruited or abducted by an criminal organization to work

Essay about Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Cheryl Chamblin SPE-226 Educating the Exceptional Learner May 27, 2012 Michael L. Zinn, Ph.D. Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Exceptional children are those who experience difficulties in learning and whose performance requires modification in curriculum and instruction. These children experience difficulty in learning, socialization, vocational, and other life skills. The children will exhibit differences in learning abilities. Some will learn and be able to use what they have learned in different situations. Others will require a more structured and repetitive environment so they can remember and use the different skills throughout their life. This paper will†¦show more content†¦With the special education students becoming a part of the regular education classroom some may have difficulty adapting to special education students teachers should make sure that the class understands that not all people are the same some have special abilities and will require extra help. The classroom should have sense of unity and the students should understand that all students should be treated as an equal (Wehmeyer, 2002). Policy, Procedures, and Programs, for the Student with Special Abilities The Casa Grande Elementary Schools Implements their special education services for student with disabilities through screening, evaluation and is designed to identify the students who will benefit through special education. When possible the students are included in the regular education classroom all teachers share in the responsibility of providing the least restrictive environment. The special education programs and guidelines support i nteraction between all students in a structured setting. With age appropriate placement gives the students the ability to interact with all students of the school. If a student needs a more restricted environment they are placed as close to the home school as possible with direct therapy and in some cases able to return to their home school. The district offers professional development and the support of paraprofessional and certified staff.Show MoreRelatedBehavioral Aspects And Educational Implications Of Emotional Behavioral Disorders1128 Words   |  5 PagesEtiology, Behavioral Aspects, and Educational Implications of Emotional Behavioral Disorders Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD) also known as (Behavioral Disordered, Seriously Emotionally Disorders, and Emotional behavioral Disorders) is the 4th largest disability category under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. EBD like most disabilities has some sort of vagueness to its definition. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997 (IDEA) defines EBD as a condition exhibitingRead MoreEmotional And Behavioral Disturbance ( Ebd )943 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional and Behavioral Disturbance Emotional and Behavioral Disturbance (EBD) is one of the thirteen qualifications specified by the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The qualification of EBD was implemented for students who struggled in the classroom due to behavioral complications and do not have a qualifying disability. In order to qualify a student as having an Emotional or Behavioral Disturbance, the student(s) must have exhibited the behaviors for a long period of time and the mustRead MoreEmotional Behavioral Disabilities Of Children1470 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will explain and examine emotional behavioral disabilities in children. It will also explain the many concerns that are related to certain students. Since the passing of many laws, many schools and their district all over the United States have included inclusion as a methods of teaching, because of this, the likelihood of many students in those classrooms will become diagnosed with a EBD which is known as an Emotional Behavioral Disorder. What is Emotional Behavioral Disorder? According to wwwRead MoreTeaching Students With Behavioral Problems Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching students with behavioral problems can be challenging at times. The teacher can discriminate those students with behavioral problems and see them as underachievers. Darrow (2006) states that students with behavior problems are seen as the troublemakers instead of students with a disability. They deserve the same educations as their peers with physical, cognitive and sensory disabilities (p.35). Those students with behavioral disabilities are expected once they enter the classroom to â€Å"behave†Read MoreMaltreatment Of Children With Disabilities1442 Words   |  6 PagesMaltreatment of Children With Disabilities CA 301 (21117): Perspectives on Child Maltreatment and Child Advocacy April 2, 2017 Ms. Janet Dorning Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities is not a topic that is intensely covered in textbook, however it is a serious public health issue. Child maltreatment is a disturbing social problem in American culture. There are currently four categories of child maltreatment that include: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglectRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt ) Is Effective For Treating Depression And Anxiety With Patients With A Mental Health Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosis with an intellectual disability. the American Psychiatric Association defines cognitive behavioral therapy as an evidenced based approach for treatment of depression and is recommended as the treatment of choice is proven to reduce anxiety and depression. The purpose for my paper is to research weather or not cognitive behavior therapy is effective for decreasing anxiety and depression in patients with a mental health diagnosis and an intellectual disability. 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From the experience of her classmates with whom she remains in contact and herself, she acknowledged that when it comes to counseling a Mental Health Counselor knows how to counsel, provide treatment strategies and coping intervention. InRead MoreIntellectual And Developmental Disabilities And Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders1256 Words   |  6 Pages Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Natasha Hoaglen California State University, Chico â€Æ' Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Description Characteristics Intellectual and developmental disabilities [ID and DD] are defined as those having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social,Read MoreChallenges of Teaching Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders1735 Words   |  7 PagesChallenges of Teaching Students with EBD, P. 1 Running Head: CHALLENGES OF TEACHING STUDENTS WITH EBD Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD By Paula Hill Grand Canyon University SPE 558 Characteristics of Emotional Disabilities and Strategies to Teach Individuals with EBD Karen Moeller, Instructor May 9, 2012 Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD, P. 2 Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD There are many challenges presented to the education system in teaching students with

Mexico Current Issues Drug War - 1197 Words

Stefan Tian Period 2 War in the Cities Recently, Mexico has been facing a horrendous civil war. This internal conflict is coming from the country’s powerful drug leaders. This epic drug war was been taking place ever since these â€Å"cartels† relocated from the South American nation of Columbia to Mexico in the mid 1980s. since then , this bloody conflict has arose several issues in Mexico. Mexico’s new president, Felipe Calderon, just recently launched an all out military campaign against these drug lords in 2007. This campaign included increased military personnel stationed in locations of intense combat. These increased troops eventually ammounted to more than 25,000 troops stationed throughout†¦show more content†¦The Attorney Geenral of Mexico did a scan of his federal police force and found that 1/5 of all federal officers are now put under investigation for criminal activity. Also, 1500 AFI’s are also put under criminal activity.(7) This creates a severe unresting feeli ng in the mexican population as to whether who they can trust. If the drug cartels had already infiltrated the system to the point that they had influences in the very law enforcement department, that is an extensive amount of corruption. The reasons for this corruption is that these cops and federal agents see the kind of money that these cartels generate in the course of a year and they flock to them. They have a considerable amount of revenue, and these cartels know that bribing these officers would help in their operation by ten-fold. The mexican government needs to be careful of their law enforcement department and purge their systems regularly in order to get rid of the corrupted officers. This Mexican drug war has become more than just a nation wide epidemic. Its influences have begun to spread farther, into the United States as well as other South American nations. Once we do settle this conflict with the cartels, a system wide purging is needed too of the government infrastructure. What would probably work better is a whole reorganization of the sytem in order to make sure that no corrupt officers hold any power. Mexico needs to keep this situation under control in order toShow MoreRelatedEssay Obstacles That Weaken Democracy 1652 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstood, but the true test is to follow through the people’s expectations and be capable to overcome obstacles a democracy might face. Mexico has recently celebrated its bicentennial representing their independence and the centennial of their revolution, although they are major accomplishment, they continue to struggle to consolidate a democracy. Along with Mexico there is El Salvador who has confronted many struggles to accomplish independence and improve socially, and continues to struggle forRead MoreU.s. 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Marketing of Qantas Airways in Sydney †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing of Qantas Airways in Sydney. Answer: Company Background Qantas Airways, based in Sydney, is Australias largest airlines founded in 1920. They dominate the domestic airline market with a reported market share of approximately __. The name Qantas comes as an acronym from Queensland and Northern territory Aerial services. The company is known for their standard air fares and for providing good quality domestic and international flights. In 1992, the Australian government sold off their domestic carrier and made the airlines private, which later on went on to merge with British airways. Sydney is the main aviation hub for the airlines and is connected to all the major airports all around the globe. It is one of the ten biggest airlines group in the world and is even believed to be the second oldest airlines after KLM from Netherlands (Qantas.com 2017). The airline is a member of the oneworld international airline alliance that is led by British Airways and American Airlines. To maintain their competitive edge in the market, they have chosen t o better their connectivity through all the major cities around the globe. They have their business line expanded to different other areas like catering and holiday tourism for bettering the bottom lines, which has further differentiated them from their competitors. The airline boasts of an outstanding standard of service when it comes down to safety, reliability, engineering and most prominently customer satisfaction and services. Qantas has a business mission of continuing as a leading premium airline and are dedicated towards being the best in business. They have a vision of meeting the expectations of their customers every time they avail their services. For making sure of that, Qanats invests in their business and always strives for providing their customers with an exceptional service level. For achieving their vision, Qantas focuses on five factors: offering the best possible customer service, putting safety on first antecedence, operational effectiveness, providing the prope r aircraft to match right routes and two best complementary airline brands of Qantas and JetStar. Qantas follows some specific values of never compromising on safety, always lending a hand for helping, protecting customer privacy and supporting environmental initiatives. Currently the airline is providing the comfort of completely flat Skybeds in Business, economy seats designed by the award winner Marc Newson, in-seat entertainment offering in every seat and a full self-service snacks bar in economy in every Qantas B747-400 aircraft. Qantas has five Boeing 747-400 aircraft that is operating on some specific B747 routes that includes Sydney-Dallas, Brisbane-Los Angeles, Sydney-Santiago, Brisbane -Singapore and Sydney-Los Angeles- New York (Qantas.com 2012). Target Market Analysis Qantas targets customers in the Asian and South American regions internationally. Qantas mainly targets the mid-level income group customers instead of the low-level. They are even targeting families and professional through the use of different offers and the loyalty card for lifetime in case of each frequent fliers (Roy Morgan 2013). A market segmentation of the brand is provided below: Segmentation bases Customers segment for Qantas international flights Geographic Area Europe, Latin America, Australia, Asia Density Domestic and international Age All age groups Gender Male, females, family members and others Income High and Middle-income groups Profession Workers and experts Demographic Social position Higher class, middle class and working class Family size Single, nuclear, joint family Psychographic Lifestyle Old-style and modern Events Consistentand other Festive seasons Behavioural Assistances Price benefits and many services under one roofalike B2B business Events Festive season, non-festive season and for the workers Table 1. Market segmentation of Qantas international flights Source: As created by author Qantas has attempted to have a reputation of being an international brand among their customers and in order to do so they have made goodwill ambassador John Travolta, Hugh Jackman and Miranda Kerr promote their products more known and recognizable (Blake 2015). The company even invested in social media sites like Twitter and Facebook for attracting more customers. Qantas customers are most likely to belong from households that have high disposable income rate. They have more probability of having a household income more than the average Australians. Qantas targets both consumers and business markets, as travel is a kind of need that is common to both. Qantas offers aviation service that are required by both these markets segments. Qantass target market consists mainly of leisure travelers who have an above national average annual income. These kind of people groups consists of those people who have a spending power of providing for travelling for relaxing, leisure, gaining experience and exploring the world. In 2010-11 Australias actual net disposable income per person was $51,800 (Abs.gov.au 2012). People who have buying power of more than $70,000 have the capacity of spending on other items even after they spend on buying basic necessities (Brown 2013). In terms of leisure travelers, people between the ages of 18-59 are the people who have the option of making choices of travelling or not, and they even have the purchasing power. People who are business travelers, specifically GMs and C Suites, are generally older in compariso n with the fresh college graduates who have just started working and might not travel as regularly for work. People who are open to spending a lot on fashion, restaurants and fun are open to having new experiences, as they have the opportunity to acquire unique fashion pieces from their abroad trips, all the while trying out different types of cuisine from different countries that they find interesting to explore. In families, guardians plan in advance for the activities and the locations for visiting that would be family friendly and as the best possible price, as travelling as a whole family could be costly. The 2010 financial crisis effected several people hugely and they understood that there is benefit in cutting down on unnecessary expenses. The economy has not been able to recover from this blow till today. The economy went on to become unpredictable and stopped following the 5 years business cycle, as they fear recession can hit any time. Thus, irrespective of the situation that whether of a personal or business level, people look for more cost-effective ways for obtaining the things that they ask for. Organizations encourage workers for travelling in economy class or on budget flights, specifically for short distance trips that can help cut down costs and result in tremendous savings. For regular Qantas travelers, frequent flyer programs are very lucrative as they can be put to use for upgrading their seats or redeeming for free tickets on complete service flights. This happens specifically in case of business travelers who are into travelling often as it is easier for them to bui ld up points (Roy Morgan 2015). These kinds of loyalty programs motivate brand loyalty and push customers to return for next flights. Understanding the market needs and even comprehending the different market variables and profiles, Qantas has the capability to accomplish the preferences and needs and in turn acquire the attention of customers and then convert them into regular ones. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy for Qantas can be analyzed with the help of the marketing mix analysis: Product The airlines industry is facing an increasing competition and Qantas has been paying extreme importance for product planning. Qantas products are crafted while keeping in mind the need of attracting new customers and holding on to the existing ones. High priority is provided to profitability. Qantas products either include passenger travelling assistances for their airlines or freight containers. In short, Qantas offers their customers premium travelling arrangements (Creedy 2013).Different types of flying arrangements are presented by Qantas: first class, premium economy, international economy and international business class. Different types of seating arrangements, meals, in-flight services, and other facilities are presented to each class. Domestic flights contain distinct economy and business class, along with dispersed in-flight passenger entertainment services. Qantas has always attempted to better their products with the help of better services, Flight information are shared both online or sent from Qantas via SMS. Qantas has even attempted to add more polished and advanced aircrafts to their fleet frequently. With more investments made in this, in-flight entertainment received more boost. Qantas is known for providing their customers with the best connecting flight services all across the globe. They even conduct the best and most well-known frequent flyer programs among all airlines across the world. Being one of the best in business and the topmost industry brand names, Qantas has been able to use this to their advantage for attracting more passengers to their customer list. Qantas freight boasts of better tracking system then other freight carriers. Qantas is truly the king of better connecting flight service, quickest routes around the world and safer containers (Qantas.com 2017). Price The method of product pricing used by Qantas is mainly cost plus margin. In markets where there is more demand, Qantas is prompted to have higher pricing. Qantas is also known to use competitive pricing methods. For low cost airlines, penetrative pricing method is used. Customer flexibility is offered by fair refunding. Qantas famously also provides their customers with price discounts instead of portraying them as just discounts. It is to ensure that customer price perception is maintained. For newer destinations, Qantas makes sure to offer lower pricing. Their frequent flyer program presents some superb customer benefits (Qantas News Room 2014). Promotion Qantas uses different advertising methods like magazines, billboards, brochures, internet advertising and so on for the purpose of branding and product promotion. Messages are sent across by direct marketing. Messages to each customer are customized so that it can hit them at an emotional and personal level. So far, this strategy has worked out for Qantas. In fact, it has been for helpful than the using of mass media for sending across mass communication messages. During low seasons, sales promotions are put to use. Corporate customers see direct selling, and social media sites, blogs and email marketing methods are used for getting further close to the customers. Qantas is also involved in sponsorships of sports and event, involvement and sponsorship of various charitable programs, PR activities, and art and entertainment related programs (Newscorpaustralia.com 2014). Place Qantas counters at all airports conduct direct sales. Their own retail stores are put to use for ticket selling. More and more frequently internet is being used for their benefits. Selling tickets also take involvement from company website and other travel agency sites. Tickets can now be brought with the help of mobile phones and telephones too. At times, even travel agents are used as intermediaries (Hepworth 2017). Conclusion Since its inception, Qantas has always proved to be the leader in premium airlines service all across the globe. They have continuously ranked topmost in terms of world class products and services to their customers. Recent years have witnessed an increasing competition in the airlines industry and companies have started focusing on product strategies. Innovative and creative services and products have formed the base of success in this industry. Qantas is spending a lot on advertisements and they target people from both consumers and business markets. Qantas offers aviation service that are required by both these markets segments. To maintain their competitive edge in the market, they have chosen to better their connectivity through all the major cities around the globe. They have their business line expanded to different other areas like catering and holiday tourism for bettering the bottom lines, which has further differentiated them from their competitors. Qantas has a business m ission of continuing as a leading premium airline and are dedicated towards being the best in business. They have a vision of meeting the expectations of their customers every time they avail their services. The company even invested in social media sites like Twitter and Facebook for attracting more customers. For regular Qantas travelers, frequent flyer programs are very lucrative as they can be put to use for upgrading their seats or redeeming for free tickets on complete service flights. Understanding the market needs and even comprehending the different market variables and profiles, Qantas has the capability to accomplish the preferences and needs and in turn acquire the attention of customers and then convert them into regular ones. References Abs.gov.au. 2012.1370.0.55.001 - Measures of Australia's Progress: Summary Indicators, 2012. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0.55.001~2012~Main%20Features~National%20income~16 [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Blake, S. 2015.Hugh Jackman the new face of Qantas. [online] NewsComAu. 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