City Life During The Mid 1800s Essay

Source Two: Taken from the web webpage ‘Victorian Web’; 2002 During the main many years of Victoria’s rule, showers were for all intents and purposes obscure in the more unfortunate areas and exceptional anyplace. Most families of every single financial class despite everything utilized â€Å"privy-pails†; water storage rooms (flush toilets) were uncommon. Sewers had level bottoms, and in light of the fact that channels were made out of stone, drainage was significant. On the off chance that, as was frequently the situation in towns, roads were unpaved, they may remain lower leg somewhere down in mud for quite a long time. Source Three: 1850s animation; ‘A Court for King Cholera’ (From Punch Magazine) Source Four: Henry Mayhew, ‘Jouneys through London’; 1849 W e at that point traveled on to London Street, down which the flowing trench proceeds with its course. In No. 1 of this road the cholera initially seemed seventeen years prior, and spread up it with dreadful speed; however this year it showed up at the far edge, and ran down it with like seriousness. As we went along the stinking banks of the sewer the sun shone upon a limited error of the water. In the brilliant light it showed up the shade of solid green tea, and emphatically looked as strong as dark marble in the shadow †for sure it was more similar to watery mud than sloppy water; but we were guaranteed this was the main water the pitiful occupants needed to drink. As we looked with dismay at it, we saw channels and sewers exhausting their dingy contents into it; we saw an entire level of doorless privies in the open street, normal to people, worked over it; we heard a great many cans of rottenness sprinkle into it, and the appendages of the transient young men washing in it appeared by unadulterated power of differentiation, white as Parian marble. In this pitiable spot we were taken to a house where a baby lay dead of the cholera. We inquired as to whether they truly did drink the water? The appropriate response was, â€Å"They were obliged to drink the dump, without they could ask or steal a pailful of water.† But have you addressed your landowner about having it laid on for you? â€Å"Yes, sir and he says he will do it, and do it, yet we realize him better than to accept him.† Source Five; Father Thames presenting his posterity (Diptheria, Scrofula and Cholera); An animation distributed in 1858 (From Punch Magazine) [If this picture is hazy, utilize the accompanying rundown: This shows a woman with a crown being presented by an unusual sort of man coming out of the waterway to three disfigured animals, looking awful as they are pushed forward to welcome the lady.] By Mr Jones www.SchoolHistory.co.uk Questions; 1. Study source one cautiously †What does it appear? (3 imprints) †What is the message of the image? (3 imprints) †Skeletons don’t ‘dispense’ water. In this manner the source is pointless to a student of history of mid 1800s city life. Do you concur? (6 imprints) 2. Peruse source two cautiously †Give three dangers to wellbeing referenced in the source (3 imprints) 3. Study source three cautiously. †How would you be able to tell that this ‘court’ is an unfortunate spot? (4 imprints) †Do you think this animation is probably going to be dependable? Clarify your answer. (6 imprints) 4. Study source four cautiously †Do Henry Mayhew’s remarks back up the perspectives on the illustrator in source three? (7 imprints) 5. Study source five cautiously †‘Dirty water unquestionably was the fundamental driver of sickness in the 1800s’. Do you concur? Disclose concerning any sources you wish and your own insight. (8 imprints)

Current Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory

Question: Talk about theCurrent Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory. Answer: In the present time, for estimating salary, regulating hypothesis is exceptionally huge. This is on the grounds that it uses an equation for deciding pay contingent upon esteem and not cost. Along these lines, standardizing hypothesis isn't dependent on perception; be that as it may, it relies upon the way toward bookkeeping to be made (Mathews Perera, 1996). Authentic cost bookkeeping: One of the speculations of regularizing bookkeeping is recorded cost bookkeeping, which is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of an advantage on the accounting report explanation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of obtaining. This measure is valuable, since it is fair-minded and autonomously undeniable. Therefore, it helps in expanding the general dependability of the financial specialists and other outside clients (Deegan, 2014). Be that as it may, the chronicled cost bookkeeping doesn't suit the impact of expansion and in this way, the cost of the advantage decays. Regulating options in contrast to chronicled cost bookkeeping and their fundamental presumptions: There are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping; three of them are depicted quickly as follows: Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA): CPPA suggests recording and refreshing the things of bookkeeping dependent on day by day buyer value list. If there should arise an occurrence of swelling, costs would increment and henceforth, accounts should be stayed up with the latest for altering every single money related thing. This hypothesis depends on the presumptions of both accumulation premise and going concern ideas (Mathews Perera, 1996). The primary favorable position of this technique is that as CPPA proclamations are set up on strengthening premise, the chronicled accounts are looked after viably. Be that as it may, this strategy considers the varieties as a rule buying power, while disregarding the varieties in singular thing esteems and consequently, all the provisos in the recorded cost bookkeeping couldn't be disposed of. For example, ABC Limited bought hardware on first July 2016 for $140,000. The straight-line deterioration technique is followed more than four-year time frame having zero leftover worth. The lists at the general cost level are 130 on first July 2016 and 140 on first July 2017; in this manner, prompting a normal of 135 for the year. The deterioration cost would be $35,000 ($140,000/4). Notwithstanding, the devaluation sum that would be reflected in the pay proclamation of ABC Limited for the period finished 30th June 2017 would be $37,692 ($35,000 x 140/130). Current cost bookkeeping (CCA): CCA understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the procedure that considers the way toward creating and examining budget reports in a way that the appropriate value change is considered essentially (Henderson et al., 2015).This strategy accept that fixed resources are recorded at the expense of substitution and inventories are appeared at advertise values. The primary bit of leeway of this framework is that benefit could be processed with no variety in authentic benefit. Be that as it may, this technique doesn't give satisfactory data, which would be advantageous from the perspective of the financial specialists. For instance, it is accepted that a machine having monetary existence of ten years could be obtained for $80,000. It is additionally accepted that the machine has further monetary existence of five years with no piece esteem. Accordingly, the machine substitution cost would be $40,000 ($80,000 less deterioration for a long time). Reasonable Value Accounting (FVA): FVA is an impartial and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of a benefit, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and gracefully, procurement, creation, dissemination cost, supplanting cost alongside emotional elements like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and separately saw utility. In any case, this strategy limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages. Feasibility of the standardizing options in contrast to recorded cost bookkeeping: In light of the above assessment, it could be expressed that despite the fact that there are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping, all techniques are dependent upon control in setting standards to check corporate execution. If there should arise an occurrence of CPPA, the progressions are made in the general value level and it doesn't lay sufficient accentuation on the specific value level. Therefore, the present estimation of the hierarchical assets isn't reflected in the budgetary reports. CCA couldn't decide charge liabilities and therefore, it neglects to give nitty gritty examination of the genuine expenses of a business. If there should be an occurrence of FVA, the financial specialists consistently don't see that a firm uses FVA approach. Thus, it prompts speculator disappointment, since the loss of significant worth in net benefit becomes loss of salary for the financial specialists. Consequently, none of the methodologies are feasible to dispose of the co nsiderable number of provisos in recorded cost bookkeeping. IASB applied system and its target of broadly useful monetary revealing: IASB theoretical system builds up the bookkeeping guidelines for guaranteeing their consistency with one another alongside improving the believability of bookkeeping data. The essential target of broadly useful monetary detailing is to give money related data helpful to the current and future potential financial specialists, moneylenders and different partners for settling on asset related choices with respect to the association. Fundamental clients of universally useful money related revealing: Coming up next are the clients of the budget reports and their suggestions for bookkeeping estimations as spread out in the calculated system: Leasers and providers: These clients would be keen on data, which would empower them in learning whether the sums that are owed to them would be paid in an auspicious way. Moneylenders: The moneylenders would try to acquire data that would help them in deciding the installment of credits when they become due for choosing whether or not to give new advances to the association. Financial specialists: The financial specialists are engaged with providing hazard capital as subsidizing. Likewise, these partners are concerned with respect to the intrinsic hazard and the arrival they could anticipate from their general ventures (IFRS, 2010). Clients: The clients would be keen on the duration of business activities, especially on the off chance that they are profoundly dependent on the items and administrations of the association. Representatives: The staffs may expect to increase a review about the benefit level and soundness of their managers. This may bring about certainty viewing their occupations and accordingly, they could be used for talking about compensation and business conditions. Government: The legislature and its related offices are intrigued to think about the asset portion and the business tasks of the general associations. Overall population: An association has direct effect on this gathering of partner in an assortment of ways, especially the procedure that may add to the neighborhood economy. Suggestions for bookkeeping estimation to the recognized clients of universally useful money related revealing: The distinguishing proof of explicit clients has direct ramifications on the arrangement of future bookkeeping principles and its audit of current gauges of bookkeeping to introduce the budget summaries in a compelling way (IFRS, 2013). Both reasonable worth and authentic expense are presently considered in reasonable worth bookkeeping, as reasonable worth speaks to the genuine estimations of those advantages, which increment the dependability of the money related framework. There are five estimation bases and their client prerequisites change from one another, which are shown quickly as follows: Recorded expense: Recorded expense is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of a benefit on the asset report articulation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of obtaining. This measure is useful, since it is impartial and freely obvious. Therefore, it helps in expanding the general dependability of the financial specialists and other outer clients. Be that as it may, the clients couldn't believe recorded cost bookkeeping completely; as this measure neglects to consider the impact on swelling on the advantage, which may limit the estimation of the benefit. Reasonable worth: FVA is a fair-minded and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of a benefit, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and flexibly, procurement, creation, dissemination cost, supplanting cost alongside emotional variables like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and exclusively saw utility. Nonetheless, this technique limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages in spite of the way that the vast majority of the clients incline toward this measure for esteeming the benefits of the associations. Current expense: Current expense understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the strategy that considers the way toward creating and dissecting fiscal summaries in a way that the appropriate value change is considered altogether. Feasible worth: Feasible worth could be characterized as the advantage esteem, which could be perceived at the hour of benefit deal less sensible projection of the cost identified with either inevitable deal or resource removal (IFRS, 2015a). For this situation, the directors are expected to post those exchanges that produce lower benefits possibly alongside confining the exaggeration of benefit. Consequently, the speculators probably won't have the option to acquire real outline of the monetary situation of the business associations. Worth being used: The worth being used of a benefit is its present total assets, which is figured by assessing the net future worth containing the expendable worth, if the advantage is weakened. The design is that advantages need not be surveyed at over their recoverable sum esteems. This worth doesn't consider the procurement cost and henceforth, it depends on the present market esteem, which would help the

Essay Topics About Media

Essay Topics About MediaThere are several different types of essay topics about media. Essay topics about media include the following. No topic is exactly the same and you should make sure that you choose a topic based on your particular needs and that the essay is applicable to your chosen area of study.Sports Television. Sports on television is probably the most popular type of media that is discussed in a general fashion by students. Students can look to recent events for an example of the kinds of things that they might expect to be discussed in a class discussion about the pros and cons of sports on television. Students can also look to previous events to see what types of things were talked about prior to a successful televised event. Students should be prepared to discuss topics such as how sports on television are currently affecting sports fans and viewers, the benefits of sports on television to the sport itself, and the effect of media coverage on sporting teams.Journalism . Essays about media in the context of journalism are designed to be both thought-provoking and clear. Students will discuss the most important issues that arise from an examination of the ethical responsibilities of journalists to their readers, to their society, and to the world in which they work. They will explore what journalism means in the modern world of media and how the ethics of journalists relate to current social and political issues.Film. A number of different types of media are presented in a film or represented on television or the internet. Some of these are old media, such as photographs, which represent the historical past. Others are new media, such as video and audio recordings. A discussion of these in a course about media will cover the historical, cultural, and sociological aspects of the media, as well as the effects of the media on our daily lives.Cinema. Films films, and they are presented in a variety of formats and formats. This often means that students will have to cover the entire range of media that can be presented in a film, including visual presentations, audio presentations, and written representations. Essays about the nature of the film industry are appropriate for a course about media in all media, but this is a more specialized area of the study of media than some other areas of the field.Literature. Some courses of study focus primarily on the literary history of a specific period of time. In such a course, students would expect to examine how literature has developed through time, examining issues such as its impact on society, the impact of literature on people, and the ways in which the literature of a specific time and place influenced other forms of literature in the same period. Essays about media in this type of course can be about how literature has impacted society, how literature impacts society, or how literature influences the world today.Video and Audio. A number of different forms of media are introduced in a course about media in the modern age. This can include television, movies, music videos, books, websites, the internet, and more.These are just a few of the more popular areas of media that are used to teach about the type of media. Students should be prepared to choose a topic that they feel is appropriate for their career goals, along with being aware of the fact that there are so many other areas of media.

Prostitution As A Alternative Occupation Choice - 1889 Words

The adage the world s oldest profession (Kennedy, Klein, Bristowe, Cooper, Yuille, 2007), describes prostitution as a alternative occupation choice. However, with reverence towards street prostitution, becoming an prostitute may not be a controlled, intentional occupational choice of that individual. To a certain extent, it may possibly be a last alternative choice. Although there is a increasing amount of research exploring life for prostituted women on the streets, there is no research thus far describing the recruitment process. However, there is information available that describes the paths towards street prostitution. â€Å"Both pimp recruitment techniques and† economical influences that may have an impact on a woman psychological†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Kennedy et al., (2007), stated that many pimps may have an psychopathic mental illness associated with known psychological ideations in relations to various levels of violence. Another technique a pimp will use, to gain control of an underage girl to start a life of prostitution, is by acting as if they love them. That is, a pimp capitalizes on the â€Å"vulnerabilities, stereotypes, and insecurities† (Kennedy et al., 2007), of an under aged teenager, who may be a run away teenager and is living on the streets. Furthermore, he has capability to distort that girl s common sense of moral beliefs with astounding speed. During this process, a pimp will entice her with kindness and gifts. Thereafter, the he makes certain that the she is fully aware of the expenses he spent on her. Once the teenager becomes deeply and totally in love with the him, he tells her that they are out of money and that they need more money to maintain their new lifestyle. Being fully aware of the amount of money that was spent on her, the girl acquires a sense of guilt for their circumstances, thus she becomes willing to help in any way she can. As a result thereof, the girl begi ns to prostitute herself to earn the much needed money for their home. (Kennedy et al., 2007) However, there may be situations where both foreign and domestic women and children, of all ethnic, social/economic status, and ages, have been deceitfully recruited or abducted by an criminal organization to work

Essay about Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Cheryl Chamblin SPE-226 Educating the Exceptional Learner May 27, 2012 Michael L. Zinn, Ph.D. Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Exceptional children are those who experience difficulties in learning and whose performance requires modification in curriculum and instruction. These children experience difficulty in learning, socialization, vocational, and other life skills. The children will exhibit differences in learning abilities. Some will learn and be able to use what they have learned in different situations. Others will require a more structured and repetitive environment so they can remember and use the different skills throughout their life. This paper will†¦show more content†¦With the special education students becoming a part of the regular education classroom some may have difficulty adapting to special education students teachers should make sure that the class understands that not all people are the same some have special abilities and will require extra help. The classroom should have sense of unity and the students should understand that all students should be treated as an equal (Wehmeyer, 2002). Policy, Procedures, and Programs, for the Student with Special Abilities The Casa Grande Elementary Schools Implements their special education services for student with disabilities through screening, evaluation and is designed to identify the students who will benefit through special education. When possible the students are included in the regular education classroom all teachers share in the responsibility of providing the least restrictive environment. The special education programs and guidelines support i nteraction between all students in a structured setting. With age appropriate placement gives the students the ability to interact with all students of the school. If a student needs a more restricted environment they are placed as close to the home school as possible with direct therapy and in some cases able to return to their home school. The district offers professional development and the support of paraprofessional and certified staff.Show MoreRelatedBehavioral Aspects And Educational Implications Of Emotional Behavioral Disorders1128 Words   |  5 PagesEtiology, Behavioral Aspects, and Educational Implications of Emotional Behavioral Disorders Emotional Behavioral Disorder (EBD) also known as (Behavioral Disordered, Seriously Emotionally Disorders, and Emotional behavioral Disorders) is the 4th largest disability category under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. EBD like most disabilities has some sort of vagueness to its definition. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997 (IDEA) defines EBD as a condition exhibitingRead MoreEmotional And Behavioral Disturbance ( Ebd )943 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional and Behavioral Disturbance Emotional and Behavioral Disturbance (EBD) is one of the thirteen qualifications specified by the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). The qualification of EBD was implemented for students who struggled in the classroom due to behavioral complications and do not have a qualifying disability. In order to qualify a student as having an Emotional or Behavioral Disturbance, the student(s) must have exhibited the behaviors for a long period of time and the mustRead MoreEmotional Behavioral Disabilities Of Children1470 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will explain and examine emotional behavioral disabilities in children. It will also explain the many concerns that are related to certain students. Since the passing of many laws, many schools and their district all over the United States have included inclusion as a methods of teaching, because of this, the likelihood of many students in those classrooms will become diagnosed with a EBD which is known as an Emotional Behavioral Disorder. What is Emotional Behavioral Disorder? According to wwwRead MoreTeaching Students With Behavioral Problems Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching students with behavioral problems can be challenging at times. The teacher can discriminate those students with behavioral problems and see them as underachievers. Darrow (2006) states that students with behavior problems are seen as the troublemakers instead of students with a disability. They deserve the same educations as their peers with physical, cognitive and sensory disabilities (p.35). Those students with behavioral disabilities are expected once they enter the classroom to â€Å"behave†Read MoreMaltreatment Of Children With Disabilities1442 Words   |  6 PagesMaltreatment of Children With Disabilities CA 301 (21117): Perspectives on Child Maltreatment and Child Advocacy April 2, 2017 Ms. Janet Dorning Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities is not a topic that is intensely covered in textbook, however it is a serious public health issue. Child maltreatment is a disturbing social problem in American culture. There are currently four categories of child maltreatment that include: physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglectRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt ) Is Effective For Treating Depression And Anxiety With Patients With A Mental Health Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosis with an intellectual disability. the American Psychiatric Association defines cognitive behavioral therapy as an evidenced based approach for treatment of depression and is recommended as the treatment of choice is proven to reduce anxiety and depression. The purpose for my paper is to research weather or not cognitive behavior therapy is effective for decreasing anxiety and depression in patients with a mental health diagnosis and an intellectual disability. 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From the experience of her classmates with whom she remains in contact and herself, she acknowledged that when it comes to counseling a Mental Health Counselor knows how to counsel, provide treatment strategies and coping intervention. InRead MoreIntellectual And Developmental Disabilities And Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders1256 Words   |  6 Pages Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Natasha Hoaglen California State University, Chico â€Æ' Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Description Characteristics Intellectual and developmental disabilities [ID and DD] are defined as those having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social,Read MoreChallenges of Teaching Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders1735 Words   |  7 PagesChallenges of Teaching Students with EBD, P. 1 Running Head: CHALLENGES OF TEACHING STUDENTS WITH EBD Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD By Paula Hill Grand Canyon University SPE 558 Characteristics of Emotional Disabilities and Strategies to Teach Individuals with EBD Karen Moeller, Instructor May 9, 2012 Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD, P. 2 Challenges of Teaching Students with EBD There are many challenges presented to the education system in teaching students with

Mexico Current Issues Drug War - 1197 Words

Stefan Tian Period 2 War in the Cities Recently, Mexico has been facing a horrendous civil war. This internal conflict is coming from the country’s powerful drug leaders. This epic drug war was been taking place ever since these â€Å"cartels† relocated from the South American nation of Columbia to Mexico in the mid 1980s. since then , this bloody conflict has arose several issues in Mexico. Mexico’s new president, Felipe Calderon, just recently launched an all out military campaign against these drug lords in 2007. This campaign included increased military personnel stationed in locations of intense combat. These increased troops eventually ammounted to more than 25,000 troops stationed throughout†¦show more content†¦The Attorney Geenral of Mexico did a scan of his federal police force and found that 1/5 of all federal officers are now put under investigation for criminal activity. Also, 1500 AFI’s are also put under criminal activity.(7) This creates a severe unresting feeli ng in the mexican population as to whether who they can trust. If the drug cartels had already infiltrated the system to the point that they had influences in the very law enforcement department, that is an extensive amount of corruption. The reasons for this corruption is that these cops and federal agents see the kind of money that these cartels generate in the course of a year and they flock to them. They have a considerable amount of revenue, and these cartels know that bribing these officers would help in their operation by ten-fold. The mexican government needs to be careful of their law enforcement department and purge their systems regularly in order to get rid of the corrupted officers. This Mexican drug war has become more than just a nation wide epidemic. Its influences have begun to spread farther, into the United States as well as other South American nations. Once we do settle this conflict with the cartels, a system wide purging is needed too of the government infrastructure. What would probably work better is a whole reorganization of the sytem in order to make sure that no corrupt officers hold any power. Mexico needs to keep this situation under control in order toShow MoreRelatedEssay Obstacles That Weaken Democracy 1652 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstood, but the true test is to follow through the people’s expectations and be capable to overcome obstacles a democracy might face. Mexico has recently celebrated its bicentennial representing their independence and the centennial of their revolution, although they are major accomplishment, they continue to struggle to consolidate a democracy. Along with Mexico there is El Salvador who has confronted many struggles to accomplish independence and improve socially, and continues to struggle forRead MoreU.s. 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Marketing of Qantas Airways in Sydney †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing of Qantas Airways in Sydney. Answer: Company Background Qantas Airways, based in Sydney, is Australias largest airlines founded in 1920. They dominate the domestic airline market with a reported market share of approximately __. The name Qantas comes as an acronym from Queensland and Northern territory Aerial services. The company is known for their standard air fares and for providing good quality domestic and international flights. In 1992, the Australian government sold off their domestic carrier and made the airlines private, which later on went on to merge with British airways. Sydney is the main aviation hub for the airlines and is connected to all the major airports all around the globe. It is one of the ten biggest airlines group in the world and is even believed to be the second oldest airlines after KLM from Netherlands (Qantas.com 2017). The airline is a member of the oneworld international airline alliance that is led by British Airways and American Airlines. To maintain their competitive edge in the market, they have chosen t o better their connectivity through all the major cities around the globe. They have their business line expanded to different other areas like catering and holiday tourism for bettering the bottom lines, which has further differentiated them from their competitors. The airline boasts of an outstanding standard of service when it comes down to safety, reliability, engineering and most prominently customer satisfaction and services. Qantas has a business mission of continuing as a leading premium airline and are dedicated towards being the best in business. They have a vision of meeting the expectations of their customers every time they avail their services. For making sure of that, Qanats invests in their business and always strives for providing their customers with an exceptional service level. For achieving their vision, Qantas focuses on five factors: offering the best possible customer service, putting safety on first antecedence, operational effectiveness, providing the prope r aircraft to match right routes and two best complementary airline brands of Qantas and JetStar. Qantas follows some specific values of never compromising on safety, always lending a hand for helping, protecting customer privacy and supporting environmental initiatives. Currently the airline is providing the comfort of completely flat Skybeds in Business, economy seats designed by the award winner Marc Newson, in-seat entertainment offering in every seat and a full self-service snacks bar in economy in every Qantas B747-400 aircraft. Qantas has five Boeing 747-400 aircraft that is operating on some specific B747 routes that includes Sydney-Dallas, Brisbane-Los Angeles, Sydney-Santiago, Brisbane -Singapore and Sydney-Los Angeles- New York (Qantas.com 2012). Target Market Analysis Qantas targets customers in the Asian and South American regions internationally. Qantas mainly targets the mid-level income group customers instead of the low-level. They are even targeting families and professional through the use of different offers and the loyalty card for lifetime in case of each frequent fliers (Roy Morgan 2013). A market segmentation of the brand is provided below: Segmentation bases Customers segment for Qantas international flights Geographic Area Europe, Latin America, Australia, Asia Density Domestic and international Age All age groups Gender Male, females, family members and others Income High and Middle-income groups Profession Workers and experts Demographic Social position Higher class, middle class and working class Family size Single, nuclear, joint family Psychographic Lifestyle Old-style and modern Events Consistentand other Festive seasons Behavioural Assistances Price benefits and many services under one roofalike B2B business Events Festive season, non-festive season and for the workers Table 1. Market segmentation of Qantas international flights Source: As created by author Qantas has attempted to have a reputation of being an international brand among their customers and in order to do so they have made goodwill ambassador John Travolta, Hugh Jackman and Miranda Kerr promote their products more known and recognizable (Blake 2015). The company even invested in social media sites like Twitter and Facebook for attracting more customers. Qantas customers are most likely to belong from households that have high disposable income rate. They have more probability of having a household income more than the average Australians. Qantas targets both consumers and business markets, as travel is a kind of need that is common to both. Qantas offers aviation service that are required by both these markets segments. Qantass target market consists mainly of leisure travelers who have an above national average annual income. These kind of people groups consists of those people who have a spending power of providing for travelling for relaxing, leisure, gaining experience and exploring the world. In 2010-11 Australias actual net disposable income per person was $51,800 (Abs.gov.au 2012). People who have buying power of more than $70,000 have the capacity of spending on other items even after they spend on buying basic necessities (Brown 2013). In terms of leisure travelers, people between the ages of 18-59 are the people who have the option of making choices of travelling or not, and they even have the purchasing power. People who are business travelers, specifically GMs and C Suites, are generally older in compariso n with the fresh college graduates who have just started working and might not travel as regularly for work. People who are open to spending a lot on fashion, restaurants and fun are open to having new experiences, as they have the opportunity to acquire unique fashion pieces from their abroad trips, all the while trying out different types of cuisine from different countries that they find interesting to explore. In families, guardians plan in advance for the activities and the locations for visiting that would be family friendly and as the best possible price, as travelling as a whole family could be costly. The 2010 financial crisis effected several people hugely and they understood that there is benefit in cutting down on unnecessary expenses. The economy has not been able to recover from this blow till today. The economy went on to become unpredictable and stopped following the 5 years business cycle, as they fear recession can hit any time. Thus, irrespective of the situation that whether of a personal or business level, people look for more cost-effective ways for obtaining the things that they ask for. Organizations encourage workers for travelling in economy class or on budget flights, specifically for short distance trips that can help cut down costs and result in tremendous savings. For regular Qantas travelers, frequent flyer programs are very lucrative as they can be put to use for upgrading their seats or redeeming for free tickets on complete service flights. This happens specifically in case of business travelers who are into travelling often as it is easier for them to bui ld up points (Roy Morgan 2015). These kinds of loyalty programs motivate brand loyalty and push customers to return for next flights. Understanding the market needs and even comprehending the different market variables and profiles, Qantas has the capability to accomplish the preferences and needs and in turn acquire the attention of customers and then convert them into regular ones. Marketing Strategy Marketing strategy for Qantas can be analyzed with the help of the marketing mix analysis: Product The airlines industry is facing an increasing competition and Qantas has been paying extreme importance for product planning. Qantas products are crafted while keeping in mind the need of attracting new customers and holding on to the existing ones. High priority is provided to profitability. Qantas products either include passenger travelling assistances for their airlines or freight containers. In short, Qantas offers their customers premium travelling arrangements (Creedy 2013).Different types of flying arrangements are presented by Qantas: first class, premium economy, international economy and international business class. Different types of seating arrangements, meals, in-flight services, and other facilities are presented to each class. Domestic flights contain distinct economy and business class, along with dispersed in-flight passenger entertainment services. Qantas has always attempted to better their products with the help of better services, Flight information are shared both online or sent from Qantas via SMS. Qantas has even attempted to add more polished and advanced aircrafts to their fleet frequently. With more investments made in this, in-flight entertainment received more boost. Qantas is known for providing their customers with the best connecting flight services all across the globe. They even conduct the best and most well-known frequent flyer programs among all airlines across the world. Being one of the best in business and the topmost industry brand names, Qantas has been able to use this to their advantage for attracting more passengers to their customer list. Qantas freight boasts of better tracking system then other freight carriers. Qantas is truly the king of better connecting flight service, quickest routes around the world and safer containers (Qantas.com 2017). Price The method of product pricing used by Qantas is mainly cost plus margin. In markets where there is more demand, Qantas is prompted to have higher pricing. Qantas is also known to use competitive pricing methods. For low cost airlines, penetrative pricing method is used. Customer flexibility is offered by fair refunding. Qantas famously also provides their customers with price discounts instead of portraying them as just discounts. It is to ensure that customer price perception is maintained. For newer destinations, Qantas makes sure to offer lower pricing. Their frequent flyer program presents some superb customer benefits (Qantas News Room 2014). Promotion Qantas uses different advertising methods like magazines, billboards, brochures, internet advertising and so on for the purpose of branding and product promotion. Messages are sent across by direct marketing. Messages to each customer are customized so that it can hit them at an emotional and personal level. So far, this strategy has worked out for Qantas. In fact, it has been for helpful than the using of mass media for sending across mass communication messages. During low seasons, sales promotions are put to use. Corporate customers see direct selling, and social media sites, blogs and email marketing methods are used for getting further close to the customers. Qantas is also involved in sponsorships of sports and event, involvement and sponsorship of various charitable programs, PR activities, and art and entertainment related programs (Newscorpaustralia.com 2014). Place Qantas counters at all airports conduct direct sales. Their own retail stores are put to use for ticket selling. More and more frequently internet is being used for their benefits. Selling tickets also take involvement from company website and other travel agency sites. Tickets can now be brought with the help of mobile phones and telephones too. At times, even travel agents are used as intermediaries (Hepworth 2017). Conclusion Since its inception, Qantas has always proved to be the leader in premium airlines service all across the globe. They have continuously ranked topmost in terms of world class products and services to their customers. Recent years have witnessed an increasing competition in the airlines industry and companies have started focusing on product strategies. Innovative and creative services and products have formed the base of success in this industry. Qantas is spending a lot on advertisements and they target people from both consumers and business markets. Qantas offers aviation service that are required by both these markets segments. To maintain their competitive edge in the market, they have chosen to better their connectivity through all the major cities around the globe. They have their business line expanded to different other areas like catering and holiday tourism for bettering the bottom lines, which has further differentiated them from their competitors. Qantas has a business m ission of continuing as a leading premium airline and are dedicated towards being the best in business. They have a vision of meeting the expectations of their customers every time they avail their services. The company even invested in social media sites like Twitter and Facebook for attracting more customers. For regular Qantas travelers, frequent flyer programs are very lucrative as they can be put to use for upgrading their seats or redeeming for free tickets on complete service flights. Understanding the market needs and even comprehending the different market variables and profiles, Qantas has the capability to accomplish the preferences and needs and in turn acquire the attention of customers and then convert them into regular ones. References Abs.gov.au. 2012.1370.0.55.001 - Measures of Australia's Progress: Summary Indicators, 2012. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/1370.0.55.001~2012~Main%20Features~National%20income~16 [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Blake, S. 2015.Hugh Jackman the new face of Qantas. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/hugh-jackmans-new-job-selling-australia-to-international-tourists/news-story/0948da627bd3ab4e25f56cdd4e4b514d [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Brown, L., 2013. The economy.Teaching Secondary Mathematics as If the Planet Matters, p.16. Creedy, S. 2013.Qantas blames rivals for market share drop. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/aviation/qantas-blames-rivals-for-market-share-drop-on-routes-to-australia/news-story/e6be4f473beb4772b4a8db2ee10242ef [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Hepworth, A. 2017.Fare price? London-Perth direct. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/aviation/london-to-perth-direct-qantas-fares-could-drop-below-2000/news-story/f4f8a4d502d2bc7774f8d2e935ee5c0a [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Newscorpaustralia.com. 2014.Anything Could Happen - Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.newscorpaustralia.com/sites/default/files/YL-Digital-Brief_Qantas.pdf [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Qantas News Room. 2014.Qantas Group Strategy Update. [online] Available at: https://www.qantasnewsroom.com.au/media-releases/qantas-group-strategy-update-2/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Qantas.com. 2017.Fly with Australias most popular airline | Qantas AU. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/au/en.html [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Qantas.com. 2017.Qantas - Investor Day. [online] Available at: https://investor.qantas.com/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/doLLG5ufYkCyEPjF1tpgyw/file/presentations/QAN-Investor-Day-2017.pdf [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Qantas.com. 2012.Qantas Product. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/agents_us/dyn/usqf/info/qantasproduct [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Roy Morgan. 2013.Qantas regaining favour with domestic business travellers. [online] Available at: https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/qantas-regaining-favour-business-201305170442 [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Roy Morgan. 2015.Qantas reaches new high in customer satisfaction. [online] Available at: https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6208-qantas-reaches-new-high-in-customer-satisfaction-201504270141 [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017].

5 Steps to Completing Your First Draft

5 Steps to Completing Your First Draft 5 Steps to Completing Your First Draft 5 Steps to Completing Your First Draft By Mark Nichol Follow these stages of preparation and production to assemble a first draft of written (or spoken) content. 1. Identify Your Purpose What is the reason for writing the content? Are you objectively presenting information? If so, is it for educational purposes, or for entertainment or both? Are you writing to help someone make a decision, or encouraging someone to take action? Identifying your goal for the content will help you shape the piece. 2. Identify Your Readership Who are your intended readers (and your unintended ones)? What is their level of literacy, and what is their degree of prior knowledge of the topic? Imagining who your readers are will help you decide what voice and tone to adopt, how formal or informal your language will be though that factor also depends on your approach (see below) and how much detail or background information you provide. 3. Identify Your Approach Should your content be authoritative, or is it the work of someone informally communicating with peers? Are you offering friendly advice, or is your tone cautionary? Are you selling something, or are you skeptical? Should the content be serious, or is some levity appropriate? Determining your strategy, in combination with identifying your readership, will help you decide how the piece will feel to the reader. 4. Identify Your Ideas Brainstorm before and during the drafting process, and again when you revise. If appropriate, talk or write to intended readers about what they hope to learn from the content. Imagine that you are an expert on the topic, and pretend that you are being interviewed about it. Write down the questions and your answers to help you structure the content. Alternatively, present a mock speech or lecture on the topic and transcribe your talk. Draft an executive summary or an abstract of the content, or think about how you would describe it to someone in a few sentences. Or draw a diagram or a map of the content. Using one or more of these strategies will help you populate your content with the information your readers want or need. 5. Identify Your Structure Craft a title that clearly summarizes the topic in a few words. Explain the main idea in the first paragraph. Organize the content by one of several schemes: chronology or sequence, relative importance, or differing viewpoints. Use section headings or transitional language to signal new subtopics. Integrate sidebars, graphics, and/or links as appropriate. Incorporating these building blocks will help you produce a coherent, well-organized piece. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsFlier vs. Flyer50 Synonyms for "Song"

The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation Essays

The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation Essays The Enviromnetal Degradation as a Result of Overpopulation 1 Introduction There are simply too many people on our planet, and the population is not showing any signs of slowing down(see Figure 1). It is having disastrous effects on our environment. There are too many implications and interrelationships to discuss in this paper, but the three substances that our earth consists of: land, water and air, are being destroyed. Our forests are being cut down at an alarming rate, bearing enormous impacts on the health of earth. Our oceans and seas are being polluted and overfished. Our atmosphere is injected with increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, which hurts the entire planet. All of these problems can be traced to our vast, rapidly expanding population, which has stressed our world far too greatly. Our Population In 1994, the world population was 5 602 800 000. This population had a doubling time of only forty-one years (De Blij and Muller, 1994, p.527). The massive amount of people has had highly destructive impacts on the earth?s environment. These impacts occur on two levels: global and local. On the global level, there is the accumulation of green house gases that deplete the ozone layer, the extinction of species, and a global food shortage. On the local level, there is erosion of soils (and the loss of vegetation), the depletion of water supply, and toxification of the air and water. The earth is dynamic though, all of these aspects are interrelated, and no one impact is completely isolated. All of these destructive elements can be traced to our enormous population. As the population increases, so do all of the economic, social, and technological impacts. The concept of momentum of population growth is one that must be considered. It states that areas with traditionally high fertility rates will have a very young structure age. Thus, a decrease in the fertility rate will still result in a greater absolute number of births, 2 as there are more potential mothers. Populations are very slow in adjusting to decreases in fertility rates. This is especially frightening when considering that South Asia has a population of 1 204 600 000 (and a doubling time of thirty two years), Subsaharan Africa has 528 000 000 (doubling time: thirty one years), and North Africa/Southwest Asia has 448 100 000 (doubling time: twenty seven years) (De Blij and Muller, 1994, p. 529-531)and all of these areas have traditionally high fertility rates. Although third world countries do have a far larger population than industrialized nations, and the trend is constantly increasing, their populations should not bear the responsibility for our population-enduced degrading environment. The impact we make on the biosphere is sometimes expressed mathematically by ecological economists as I = PAT. I being impact, P population, A affluence (consumption) , and T technology (environmentally bad technology)(Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1990, p.24). Concern regarding population increases often focuses on the third world, since it is there that growth is exponential. Yet, it is necessary to recognize that people are by no means equal or identical in their consumption, and thus their impact on the environment (see Map 2). 3 Our Forests ?The sky is held up by the trees. If the forest disappears the sky, which is the roof of the world collapses. Nature and man perish together.? - Amerindian legend Forests are a precious link in the life systems of our planet. They are a part of these vital ecosystem services without which earth would not have been habitable by the human species in the first place and would certainly have become inhabitable again. Forests have crucial roles in the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles that nourish and sustain life on earth. They protect the watersheds that support farming and influence climate and rainfall(Lindahl-Kiessling, 1994, p.167). They save the soil from erosion and are home to thousands of species, and forest peoples whose lives depend on them. They are also a source for industrial and medical purposes. In developing countries, much deforestation is for both local purposes and for export. The UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities) said in it?s 1990 report that population growth may have been responsible for as much as eighty percent of the forest land cleared between 1971 and 1986 to make room for agriculture, cattle ranching, houses, roads and industries(Ramphal, 1992, p.55). It is estimated that in that period nearly sixty million hectares of forest were converted to farmland and a similar amount of forest was put to non-agricultural uses. This is equivalent

The Importance of Studying Information Systems for a Marketing Student Research Paper

The Importance of Studying Information Systems for a Marketing Student - Research Paper Example It is concerned with activities such as planning, promotion, and selling of services or goods with the aim of satisfying the customer needs and meeting business objectives of an organization. According to my findings from the aforementioned interviews, slight changes in practice and theory of marketing over the years have had a great effect in reshaping companies. Consequently, these changes have also been evident information systems utilized in various business environments. Most companies in various industries have been faced with the problem of controlling the ever increasing volume of information. This is because of the rapidly expanding information processing requirements that are due to their competitive environments becoming more volatile and dynamic. In order for companies to be able to handle the increasing internal and external flow of information, it is important that they embrace and make good use of the opportunities offered by IS. Marketing information is no exceptions and thus managing such information by means of Information Technology is one of the most critical elements of efficient and effective marketing. Information related to marketing includes all terms of facts, date, view, opinion, policies and guidelines, which are necessary for making vital marketing decisions. This data is collected from competitors, customers, government sources, sales staff and other company staff, and from specialized sources and agencies.This will also enable them to improve quality too.... Consequently, these changes have also been evident information systems utilized in various business environments. Most companies in various industries have been face with the problem of controlling the ever increasing volume of information. This is because of the rapidly expanding information processing requirements that are due to their competitive environments becoming more volatile and dynamic. In order for companies to be able to handle the increasing internal and external flow of information, it is important that they embrace and make good use of the opportunities offered by IS. This will also enable them improve quality too. Marketing information is no exceptions and thus managing such information by means of Information Technology is one of the most critical elements of efficient and effective marketing. Information related to marketing includes all terms of facts, date, view, opinion, policies and guidelines, which are necessary in making vital marketing decisions. This data is collected from competitors, customers, government sources, sales staff and other company staff, and from specialized sources and agencies. Through the collection and sharing of such information and by utilizing it in promoting brand and corporate image, Information Systems offers new ways of ensuring improved internal efficiencies of a company. These systems allow for dynamic marketing communication between personnel in accounting, corporate planning, sales promotion and advertising, channels of distribution, product management, and direct sales. There are various types of Information system systems. They can first be classified based on the various levels of operations such as the operational level which requires an operation support information

Capital Structure of CNG Travel Group PLC Case Study

Capital Structure of CNG Travel Group PLC - Case Study Example It is audited by KPMG LLP. The auditor's opinion states that the financial statements including the balance sheet and income statement as shown in here is unqualified. This is the best opinion that an auditor can give. The officers of the company are Chief Executive Officer and Director Finbarr Power (50 yrs old) and Chief Executive Officer of CNG USA, Inc., Director Zara Stassin (33 yrs old), Chief Executive Officer Director P.J.King (36 yrs old) and Secretary Brendan Delaney. The number of employees is around 130 more or less due to hiring and firing turnovers as of December 31, 2004. It has 63,089,690 outstanding shares as of December 31, 2004. Its stocks are traded in the SEA. Website (http://www.crmz.com/Report/ReportPreview.aspBusinessId=7116219) Other suitable alternative instruments, aside from offering its shares of stocks to the general public in a stock exchange, We can also invest our excess and idle money from the income generated from our successful travel and personal or EDP services is to transfer them to invest in foreign exchange. We can invest cash in a volatile currency like US dollar, Japanese Yen or Euro-Dollar among other currencies. When it is volatile that means there is constant increase or decrease in the dollar or other currency value. The general rule is we buy at "low" market price and sell it at a "higher" market price. We gain in foreign exchange transactions by this method. This is what is termed currency futures. When we want the currency delivered to us, in the FUTURE, then it will be delivered. We call this currency FUTURES trading. Other financial instruments that we can invest the excess or idle cash generated from daily gains in its travel and EDP services are a) investment in bonds. In here, loan money to another individual or company where you will be paid in the future. You earn interest income usually higher than the legal rate. You will be paid back both the principal or original amount that you loaned plus the additional interest income that earned for allowing the other party to use your idle cash in their pursuit of income generating options. You are a creditor in this type of financing service. In the present financial setup, the company capital or stocks are offered to the public at volatile stock market prices. The stockholder is a part owner of the business. Other financial instruments, but on a short or less than one year, the transaction is putting your money in Treasury bills. These are usually issued by the government to help generate much-needed funds for its daily operations of running the b usiness of nation-building. Another financial investment opportunity is to deposit them in banks to earn interest compounded daily.

History of education Essay Example for Free

History of education Essay Muthukumaran Committee Report Tamil Nadu is regarded to be one of India’s star performers in the sector of elementary education. The results of the 2001 Census show that Tamil Nadu has attained third position behind Kerala and Maharashtra both in terms of overall and female literacy. It recorded close to 100 per cent gross enrolment ratio (GER) at primary and upper primary levels based on 2007 estimates. A major legislative effort for the universalisation of education in line with the constitutional mandate has been the introduction of the Tamil Nadu Compulsory Education Act, 1994. Under this Act it is the duty of the government to provide the necessary infrastructure (schools and teachers) for ensuring universalisation of elementary education. Parents are also liable to be fined if they do not send their wards to school, though this rule is not very strictly enforced as most of the children not going to school come from poor backgrounds. Tamil Nadu’s high enrolment statistics are also the result of the number of welfare schemes that the State government has introduced in the elementary education sector. The large number of missionary and private schools are also playing a role in the spread of education. The government provides textbooks, uniforms and noon meals to the pupils making it a State where the per child spending is much higher than in educationally backward States such as Bihar, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and others and is higher than the all-India average. The State is making an endeavor to provide primary schools within a one km radius of human habitations with a population of 300 and above to increase their accessibility. It is also a State that has actually spent most of the funds allocated to it by the Centre under the SSA scheme, in contrast to States like UP, Bihar and Assam that have huge unspent amounts. Tamil Nadu students stood first in the country in mathematics, language and reading comprehension skills according to the national mid-term achievement survey of Class III children commissioned by the NCERT in collaboration with the MHRD and the SCERT and SSA wings of the States recently. But it has come to light that local bodies like corporations and municipalities are not fully utilizing money collected as education tax as a percentage of property tax under the Tamil Nadu Elementary Education Act and this is affecting the quality and quantity of formal education provision at the grassroots level. While the general literacy rate in Tamil Nadu as per 2001 data is 73. 5%, wide disparities exist across districts, gender, and area of residence as well as social grouping. The literacy rate of the SC and ST populations are consistently lower in all the districts. The retention rate within and after the primary school level is also not very impressive and there is a high percentage of repeaters. This is particularly so in the case of the STs and SCs. It is to overcome this discrepancy between education offered in different kinds of schools, between rural and urban schools and to overcome other numerous ills that have crept into the education system—such as arbitrary collection of fees, induction of daily waged, inadequately qualified para teachers, rote learning, examination stress, problems related to the medium of instruction and so on—that the State government constituted the Muthukumaran Committee, which submitted its report in 2007. This committee had the mandate to work out a framework of a uniform pattern of education in Tamil Nadu and to make recommendations for improving its quality. The report of the Committee recommends only one autonomous board, The Tamil Nadu State Secondary School Education Board, instead of the existing four State level boards—Matriculation, Anglo-Indian, Oriental and State Board. Schools coming under this integrated Board would follow a common syllabus ensuring an equitable school education in the State not conferring any undue advantages with regard to admission into higher educational institutions for students completing their school education from one particular Board. Equitable standard education is to be provided by a Common School or Neighbourhood School system, which with uniform syllabi would help to ‘decommercialise’ educational institutions and put an end to many a private management that does not feel sufficiently accountable to society in this crucial sector. The spiraling cost of education starting at the nursery level is cementing caste-class and rural-urban divisions. A common school system using the mother tongue as a medium of instruction would make equal education accessible to all without discrimination. A common school system also means a common examination pattern. The report of the Committee advocates a reasonable teacher-student ratio of not more than 1:30 and doing away with faulty textbooks and a system of rote learning. It emphasizes the promotion of analytical and rational skills that would equip the students to learn by themselves; a testing and evaluation pattern that involves the application of concepts learnt rather than mere reproduction of facts. The school syllabus should not overload students with information but instead kindle their interest in the subject and teach them how to search for more information and conceptualize it. Traditional knowledge should be incorporated and made part of school education. Evaluation should be comprehensive and not just of academic achievements, and that too only marks based. Evaluation should include an assessment of student abilities and performance in academics, the arts, sports and games, values, reading habits, character, conduct and other extra-curricular activities. Schools should not only lay emphasis on academic subjects but also on moral education. Here the Committee suggests that it may be better to have a progress book with entries made from time to time and also periodically sent to the parents so that they may be made aware of their child’s progress. Regular consultation with parents about their wards’ progress and achievements and educational goals is a must. A sheet of paper containing marks obtained in public exams is not enough to understand a student’s development and potential. If the marks obtained in only one exam are going to decide the person’s admission into an institute of higher learning then all stress is on preparing for this exam neglecting other exams and activities. The chance or temptation to indulge in malpractices is also high. Marks obtained in a one-time exam also are no accurate reflection of the student’s actual knowledge and achievement level and potential. Treating exams and marks as more important than life itself has meant the death of many a student. Finally, children belonging to linguistic minorities should be allowed to gain instruction in their respective mother tongue, while all students in standards 5 or 8 ought to have a specific level of knowledge in Tamil and English so that these languages can be used for communication. No student should be dropped and he/she should be allowed to grow in the chosen field of interest and in accordance with their individual capability. A simple pass or fail should certainly not be a deciding factor in a person’s life. While the government has accepted the notion of one board for school education other major recommendations of the Muthukumaran Committee on education reforms are being sidelined by the State government. In fact, some government run schools are changing the medium of instruction to English and not all schools teach Tamil, though this is compulsory as per current State education law. Moreover, schools with an eye on the results in board exams and aiming at future lucrative career possibilities for their students are introducing modern European languages like French (German is waiting to be introduced on a larger scale on the school level) that are supposedly high scoring subjects in comparison to Tamil, which is seen to be difficult even by those whose mother tongue it is. There is almost everywhere an exodus from government run schools to aided or private schools because of the perceived better quality and the lure of an English medium education, which is regarded by parents to be necessary in today’s world. It is to remain viable and not lose out in this competition for students that government run schools are increasingly offering English medium instruction also, although the English medium sections are permitted only on a self-financing basis. The non-acceptance of important recommendations by the Muthukumaran committee is thus in line with the general pro-globalisation trend in the Tamil Nadu economy as a whole. Current education system Why is India still a developing country and what is stopping it from being a developed country? India’s education system as a stumbling block towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth. India is going to experience a paradox of nearly 90 million people joining the workforce but most of them will lack requiste skills and the mindset for productiveemployment according to a report in DNA. India has about 550 million people under the age of 25 years out of which only 11% are enrolled in tertiary institutions compared to the world average of 23%. . I will be focussing on how the education system’s failure is leading to another social issue of income inequality and hence, suggest certain policies to improve India’s education system and reduce inequality. Problems and drawbacks The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient ingovernment schools. A common feature in all government schools is the poor quality of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. What the government is not realising right now is that education which is a source of human capital can create wide income inequalities. It will be surprising to see how income inequalities are created within the same group of educated peopleSo if the government does not improve education system particularly in rural areas the rich will become richer and the poor will get poorer. Hence, it is imperative for the government to correct the blemishes in India’s education system which will also be a step towards reducing income inequality. Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. The government currently spends only 3% of its GDP on education which is inadequate and insufficient. To improve the quality of education , the government needs to spend more money from its coffers on education. Most economists feel that the only panacea to the ills of the public schooling system is the voucher scheme. Under the voucher system, parents are allowed to choose a school for their children and they get full or partial reimbursement for the expenses from the government. But however, the voucher system will further aggravate the problem of poor quality of education in government schools. Such a system will shift resources from government schools to private schools. This will worsen the situation of government schools which are already under-funded. Moreover, if the same amount given as vouchers can be used to build infrastructure in schools then the government can realize economies of scale. For example- The centre for civil society is providing vouchers worth Rs 4000 per annum to 308 girls. This means that the total amount of money given as vouchers is Rs 1232000. If the same amount can be used to construct a school and employ high quality teachers who are paid well then a larger section of the society will enjoy the benefit of education. A school can definitely accommodate a minimum of 1000 students. I hope government takes certain appropriate policy measures to improve the education system otherwise inequalities are going to be widespread and India’s basic capabilities will remain stunted. Let us strengthen the case for a stronger education system. Conclusion Certain policy measures need to be taken by the government. The basic thrust of government education spending today must surely be to ensure that all children have access to government schools and to raise the quality of education in those schools. One of the ways in which the problem of poor quality of education can be tackled is through common schooling. This essentially means sharing of resources between private and public schools. Shift system is one of the ways through which common schooling can be achieved. The private school can use the resources during the first half of the day and the government school can use it during the second half. It is important to remember that the quality of education is directly linked to the resources available and it is important for the government to improve resource allocation to bring about qualitative changes in the field of education. Common schooling is one of the ways in which government can use limited resources in an efficient way and thus improve resource allocation.

The Positive Short-term and Long-term Affects of Smaller Class Sizes on

The Positive Short-term and Long-term Affects of Smaller Class Sizes on Students The size of a class has had or will have a larger affect on a person’s life than most people know and affect more aspects than are visible to the human eye. A large percent of the human population will go through or has gone through, a type of schooling. The size of classes in school affects more than just a student. The faculty has to deal with size too, for example if a classroom can’t fit enough students in one class, another teacher may have to give up their room during their break time to lend the room to another teacher. There is a demand for teachers in the work force and with a more difficult working environment; it could turn people off from that profession. In my high school, we had teachers who were referred to as â€Å"floaters† because they didn’t have a classroom of their own and had to keep all their belongings on a cart and push it into a designated room for their next class as a result of overpopulation. Too large of a class also a ffects the teacher because with more students, the chances of students misbehaving are increased. A large classroom is not horrible, but is not as effective or as useful as a smaller class size. There are many short-term and long-term positive affects of small class sizes. The positive affects of small class sizes on students can differ. A huge factor is that a small class size means more attention from the teacher or professor. It also allows for more interaction with other students. Participation is usually a key factor in a class and connects with the grading so smaller classes allow a higher level of communication in the class. Small class size has influenced me personally in many diff... ...nds and made the combined money available to states for a variety of education programs.† The NEA opposed this fund. According to this statement the funds are slowly depleting. Although class size is an important topic, it seems to our government there are more important issues. The short-term and long-term benefits of a smaller class size are many as you have read. The benefits attributed to class size are improving the students learning abilities, improving on teacher/student relationship, and student to student relationships, communication in and out of the classroom, the positive effect on discipline, and increases test scores. Smaller class sizes are one of the most important things in schooling and are not taken fully advantage of, but should be used more often than it is. There are obviously more affects from class size that remain unseen to the human eye.

International business project: A case of Mexico Essay

Mexico is the most populated Spanish speaking nation in the world and comes third in population in the Western hemisphere. Mexico holds more than 100 million inhabitants. In the early years of its history the government had embraced the protectionists policies of trade in order to motivate industrial growth and therefore ensure growth in the domestic economy. Unfortunately under these policies the country underwent a decline in living standards and inflation. The debt crisis in the year of 1982 that saw the country fail to meet its debt obligations primarily aggravated the challenges in the economy especially half way into the mid 1980’s (Pasco 72-73). The Mexican government therefore in the late years of 1980 adopted measures that were aimed at restructuring the country’s economy. The country’s efforts consequently shifted to trade liberalization and privatization of industries that were previously state owned. Privatization of infrastructures such as rail roads, natural gas distribution, telecommunications, electricity and the airports among others took place extensively. The country proceeded to make economic policy reforms in the early 1990’s consequently attracting large amounts of foreign investment cash. However in 1993 the flow of capital from foreign countries started to decline majorly as a result of political uncertainty and an exchange rate that was overvalued. The declined levels of international levels subsequently led to peso devaluation. By the last months of 1994 the country was experiencing a currency crisis forcing the government to take on the floating exchange rate system. The result was a deep recession of the economy six months later. The aftermath of the recession saw the government restructure the system again to create conditions that would hasten the recovery of the economy. An emergency package was received form the World Bank and a plan that increased value added tax, fostered budget cuts and even tighter monetary policies was implemented. Subsequent years saw the country increase its exports and softened the impact of the recession. The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2006 was 4. 8 percent but decreased to 3. 3 percent in the year 2007 and further down by approximately 1% in the year 2008. Mexico has not been left out and the country is significantly feeling the effects of the worldwide economic downturn. Economists forecast the contraction of its GDP this year by 2. 6 percent the sharpest ever contraction since the 95 crisis. The country is currently experiencing job losses, cut production capacities in plants and poverty levels have also short up with more than 5 million people living in impoverished conditions (Field 32-41). # Mexico’s trade position with Canada The trade relations between Canada and Mexico have strengthened because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The trade flows between the two countries has shown an impressive gradual increase in the not less than nine years existence of the agreement. The results have now made Mexico, to become Canada’s major trading partner within the Latin America region. The country also ranks fourth as Canada’s trading partner in the globe after United States (US), China and Japan. For Canada, Mexico has become a very important destination and is positioned as Canada’s third biggest market for its exports. On the same note Canada in 2002 appeared on Mexico’s lists as the number five largest foreign supplier. The countries have continued over the years to strengthen their trade ties and now Canada is the first supplier of Mexican agricultural, mineral and metal products. On the other hand high production standards of Mexico have made it Canada’s top supplier in vehicles, agricultural goods and electronic equipment. Consumers in the two countries have taken advantage of the relations to access a wide range of affordable goods. On the other hand Mexico also has good trade relations with other countries such as the United States. America is basically the leading creditor and trade partner for most counties in the Latin region. The two countries are closely linked such that Mexico as a country is the most exposed to the U. S economy and any changes in it would largely affect the Mexicans. More so 80% of the Mexican exports find there way to America. Additionally the Mexican economy is greatly supported by the remittance from its working citizens who are in the United States, (Field 32-41). The remittances actually account for not less than 3 percent of its GDP and they form the second largest source of income to the nation after oil exports. The country has also taken advantage of its skilled labor force to attract high technology investors from the United States. The sectors in which America has invested in Mexico include the telecommunications, transport and agricultural industries to mention just a few. # Membership in trade blocks. Trade blocks play a very critical role especially when it comes to international trade negotiations. Mexico for example is a member of the G20 trade block which constitutes of other members such as Argentina, India, Brazil, Pakistan, China, South Africa. , Philippines, Bolivia, Thailand, Venezuela, Chile, Zimbabwe, Paraguay, among others. The G20 is developing countries grouping that resulted from the world trade talks in Cancun in the year 2003. The group is led by major exporters and countries that are rapidly growing such as India, China, Brazil, and South Africa making it strong and with the capacity to compete with the US and EU in trade negotiations. G20 has been noted for its emphatic rejection of the proposal by the EU to include competition and investment as critical elements in trade talks. The group has also been emphasizing that before they make any agreements on reduced tariffs for manufactured goods or services the rich nations must first put concessions on agriculture. Additionally Mexico together with the United States and Canada form the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Agreement addresses the issues of labor, environment, trade and investment. Even then the Agreement has been criticized by some US environmental groups and unions who claim that its safeguards are weak. It was consolidated in the year 1992. The aim of the agreement was to remove trade tariffs on products for a period of not less than 15 years and at the same time limit trade contacts with outsider countries in the globe. The agreement was also expected to increase and enlarge their farmers markets and stimulate economic growth. Recently there have been calls to renegotiate or suspend the Agreement after fourteen years in operations. Clearly though Mexico has benefited from its membership in the block, which is said to be the among the world’s richest blocs. It has for example acted to increase Mexico’s amounts of exports, and also increase the amount the country receives from the United States in terms of foreign direct investments (Pasco 72-73). The agreement has also led to an increase of job opportunities for Mexicans also accompanied with an increase in wages especially in the areas with most foreign investors. #4 Governments position on trade and foreign investment In the past few decades Mexico has transitioned from a closed economy to an open economy. The policy of open trade has enabled the country to face the challenges brought by the economic slow down and financial markets that are not stable. In early years of the 80’s the country took a step towards unilaterally liberalizing its economy. The country then took domestic measures with the aim of encouraging foreign investment and deregulating business activities. In the early 90’s the country embraced the country took the initiative of opening its markets by undertaking international trade negotiations with the principles of reciprocity and balance in mind. The country has currently signed various bilateral investment agreements and not less than nine international free trade. The result has been export oriented growth and industrial competitiveness. The policies have also led to preferential market access of their exports to more than 800 million consumers that benefit from their exports and have additionally opened up new investment opportunities. Generally the Mexican strategy of free trade agreements has been critical in improving its competitiveness on a global scale, increased trade and long term growth. Its current network of trade agreements can be said to be the major cause of the impressive trade flows in the country. Mexico appears among the ten largest trading countries in the world. In 2003 for example the country had exports costing not less than $165 million. Basically its quantity of exports has tripled since 1993. Mexico has also been transformed to become a manufacturing export center courtesy of trade liberalization. Currently most of the country’s exports are largely manufactured goods a change from the early 80’s when the greater percentage of exports was oil. Their young productive labor together with the measures of investment protections and tariff elimination are among the factors that have encouraged foreign investments making it a manufacturing hub. Their auto, electronics and textile and apparel industries have industries have been the most beneficiaries of trade liberalization (Pasco 72-73). . # Reasons why Canadian companies should trade/invest there and reasons why they should not. Mexico comes across as a very viable country for Canada to invest in. Among the reasons are its strategic position, economic indicators, policies that aim at encouraging foreign investors and a conducive environment for investment among many others. The country is made up of 32 federal States of which each is free and sovereign and its territory extends to not less than one million square kilometers. The country borders Guatemala, Belize and the United States. The country additionally hosts more than one hundred million inhabitants of all religious affiliations meaning that all beliefs are represented without bias though the majority of the population is Christian. Spanish is the official language of Mexico although it has more than 66 kinds of languages. The country currency is called Peso. The country’s place of location allows it to supply the markets in North America and also to have access to potential world inputs and modern technologies. The Jalisco, Quintana Roo, Colimo are among the federative entities whose populations greatly participate in economic enhancement. Its population consists of not less than 1 million unemployed citizens. The country is endowed with an attractive investment environment even as demonstrated by the following statistics: in 2007 the country was ranked as the 12th largest economy in the world by the virtue of its GDP; with regards to its oil reserves it appears as number 17 globally; additionally the country is a very important tourist destination ranking eight globally in this regard. Moreover the country is among the top ten countries in the world that benefit most from foreign direct investment. Additionally their fiscal and monetary policies have served to ensure that the country enjoys periods of macroeconomic stability with reference to the recent years. In fact it was named the best Latin American country in terms of favourable business conditions and placement of foreigners’ capitals. The stable economy that it has enjoyed has led to it accommodating not less 30,000 foreign companies. The economic stability therefore makes it a good destination for conducting profitable business. In order to attract more investment the country has a consolidation of several sectors of production which include of industries such as the automobiles industry which was ranked 7th globally, electronic industry, telecommunications industry, the information technology and software industry. These sectors provide different kinds of opportunities for Canadian investors. The country additionally has good relationships business wise with other countries in the global scenario. This has allowed it to have preferential access to the markets in Israel, North America, and the European Union just to mention a few. The preferential access it enjoys combined with its cheap yet young and qualified labor force make the country a lucrative destination for investment by Canadians. The Bilateral Investment Treaties that the country has signed should be an attraction enough for Canadian investors. Through these treaties the country offers legal protection and security to it foreign investors. Moreover the country offers a low risk return combination that guarantees the investors markets access prevailing conditions of macroeconomic stability, transparency and political stability. Additionally investors have the opportunity of benefiting from the high quality inputs offered at affordable prices, growing domestic markets, and wide array of trade agreements. In spite of this Canada may not need to invest in Mexico because of the fact that Mexico is among the top countries with high levels of corruption in the region. Any country with high levels of corruption is should be scary to investors because it simply implies that investors will have to spend more than is necessary in order to get value for their money. The effects of corruption in fact go way past the monetary costs. The country also suffers from poor infrastructural networks although the government is taking steps to ensure that infrastructure is improved to allow investors to have access to any market and on time. The country is also consumed by the culture of drug abuse among its especially productive population. This means that in a way the investor security can not be guaranteed. The country also has strict legal and regulatory frameworks that may serve to impede the speed by which an investor can establish his business. The effects of agglomeration also may work to hinder any Canadians that would want to invest in Mexico. In conclusion Mexico would be a wise choice for any investor, this is because the country has done everything to ensure that its business people will not only be able to access the internal but also the external markets especially through the many trade agreements it has signed. This means that all the established businesses in the country have the potential to operate profitably.

Who Manipulates the Operations and Activities of the United Nations Free Essay Example, 3000 words

The establishment of NATO happened without any comprehensive consultation with the UN. The NATO came as a desire of the western powers to undermine powers of the Soviet Union. The treaty, which formed NATO defeats the purpose of collective security provided in the UN charter. Right from the start, the United States supported the UN as long as it supported its interests. The United States refused to assist the world body when it went contrary to its interests. The western states have used the UN to legitimize their intervention in affairs of other states. The mighty powers use Machinery of the UN as a camouflage with the intention of safeguarding their political, economic and commercial interests. However, these countries claim that moral considerations of supporting the UN motivate their actions. The UN has little it can do to prevent the intervention of the western powers. Although the world body came to avoid intervention, the old system of intervention still remains. The interven tion of western powers in UN affairs clearly shows that the body works in the interest of western states. The action on Korea, taken in 1950 by the United Nations portrays the influence of western powers in UN governance. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Manipulates the Operations and Activities of the United Nations or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page