The Positive Short-term and Long-term Affects of Smaller Class Sizes on

The Positive Short-term and Long-term Affects of Smaller Class Sizes on Students The size of a class has had or will have a larger affect on a person’s life than most people know and affect more aspects than are visible to the human eye. A large percent of the human population will go through or has gone through, a type of schooling. The size of classes in school affects more than just a student. The faculty has to deal with size too, for example if a classroom can’t fit enough students in one class, another teacher may have to give up their room during their break time to lend the room to another teacher. There is a demand for teachers in the work force and with a more difficult working environment; it could turn people off from that profession. In my high school, we had teachers who were referred to as â€Å"floaters† because they didn’t have a classroom of their own and had to keep all their belongings on a cart and push it into a designated room for their next class as a result of overpopulation. Too large of a class also a ffects the teacher because with more students, the chances of students misbehaving are increased. A large classroom is not horrible, but is not as effective or as useful as a smaller class size. There are many short-term and long-term positive affects of small class sizes. The positive affects of small class sizes on students can differ. A huge factor is that a small class size means more attention from the teacher or professor. It also allows for more interaction with other students. Participation is usually a key factor in a class and connects with the grading so smaller classes allow a higher level of communication in the class. Small class size has influenced me personally in many diff... ...nds and made the combined money available to states for a variety of education programs.† The NEA opposed this fund. According to this statement the funds are slowly depleting. Although class size is an important topic, it seems to our government there are more important issues. The short-term and long-term benefits of a smaller class size are many as you have read. The benefits attributed to class size are improving the students learning abilities, improving on teacher/student relationship, and student to student relationships, communication in and out of the classroom, the positive effect on discipline, and increases test scores. Smaller class sizes are one of the most important things in schooling and are not taken fully advantage of, but should be used more often than it is. There are obviously more affects from class size that remain unseen to the human eye.

International business project: A case of Mexico Essay

Mexico is the most populated Spanish speaking nation in the world and comes third in population in the Western hemisphere. Mexico holds more than 100 million inhabitants. In the early years of its history the government had embraced the protectionists policies of trade in order to motivate industrial growth and therefore ensure growth in the domestic economy. Unfortunately under these policies the country underwent a decline in living standards and inflation. The debt crisis in the year of 1982 that saw the country fail to meet its debt obligations primarily aggravated the challenges in the economy especially half way into the mid 1980’s (Pasco 72-73). The Mexican government therefore in the late years of 1980 adopted measures that were aimed at restructuring the country’s economy. The country’s efforts consequently shifted to trade liberalization and privatization of industries that were previously state owned. Privatization of infrastructures such as rail roads, natural gas distribution, telecommunications, electricity and the airports among others took place extensively. The country proceeded to make economic policy reforms in the early 1990’s consequently attracting large amounts of foreign investment cash. However in 1993 the flow of capital from foreign countries started to decline majorly as a result of political uncertainty and an exchange rate that was overvalued. The declined levels of international levels subsequently led to peso devaluation. By the last months of 1994 the country was experiencing a currency crisis forcing the government to take on the floating exchange rate system. The result was a deep recession of the economy six months later. The aftermath of the recession saw the government restructure the system again to create conditions that would hasten the recovery of the economy. An emergency package was received form the World Bank and a plan that increased value added tax, fostered budget cuts and even tighter monetary policies was implemented. Subsequent years saw the country increase its exports and softened the impact of the recession. The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2006 was 4. 8 percent but decreased to 3. 3 percent in the year 2007 and further down by approximately 1% in the year 2008. Mexico has not been left out and the country is significantly feeling the effects of the worldwide economic downturn. Economists forecast the contraction of its GDP this year by 2. 6 percent the sharpest ever contraction since the 95 crisis. The country is currently experiencing job losses, cut production capacities in plants and poverty levels have also short up with more than 5 million people living in impoverished conditions (Field 32-41). # Mexico’s trade position with Canada The trade relations between Canada and Mexico have strengthened because of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The trade flows between the two countries has shown an impressive gradual increase in the not less than nine years existence of the agreement. The results have now made Mexico, to become Canada’s major trading partner within the Latin America region. The country also ranks fourth as Canada’s trading partner in the globe after United States (US), China and Japan. For Canada, Mexico has become a very important destination and is positioned as Canada’s third biggest market for its exports. On the same note Canada in 2002 appeared on Mexico’s lists as the number five largest foreign supplier. The countries have continued over the years to strengthen their trade ties and now Canada is the first supplier of Mexican agricultural, mineral and metal products. On the other hand high production standards of Mexico have made it Canada’s top supplier in vehicles, agricultural goods and electronic equipment. Consumers in the two countries have taken advantage of the relations to access a wide range of affordable goods. On the other hand Mexico also has good trade relations with other countries such as the United States. America is basically the leading creditor and trade partner for most counties in the Latin region. The two countries are closely linked such that Mexico as a country is the most exposed to the U. S economy and any changes in it would largely affect the Mexicans. More so 80% of the Mexican exports find there way to America. Additionally the Mexican economy is greatly supported by the remittance from its working citizens who are in the United States, (Field 32-41). The remittances actually account for not less than 3 percent of its GDP and they form the second largest source of income to the nation after oil exports. The country has also taken advantage of its skilled labor force to attract high technology investors from the United States. The sectors in which America has invested in Mexico include the telecommunications, transport and agricultural industries to mention just a few. # Membership in trade blocks. Trade blocks play a very critical role especially when it comes to international trade negotiations. Mexico for example is a member of the G20 trade block which constitutes of other members such as Argentina, India, Brazil, Pakistan, China, South Africa. , Philippines, Bolivia, Thailand, Venezuela, Chile, Zimbabwe, Paraguay, among others. The G20 is developing countries grouping that resulted from the world trade talks in Cancun in the year 2003. The group is led by major exporters and countries that are rapidly growing such as India, China, Brazil, and South Africa making it strong and with the capacity to compete with the US and EU in trade negotiations. G20 has been noted for its emphatic rejection of the proposal by the EU to include competition and investment as critical elements in trade talks. The group has also been emphasizing that before they make any agreements on reduced tariffs for manufactured goods or services the rich nations must first put concessions on agriculture. Additionally Mexico together with the United States and Canada form the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Agreement addresses the issues of labor, environment, trade and investment. Even then the Agreement has been criticized by some US environmental groups and unions who claim that its safeguards are weak. It was consolidated in the year 1992. The aim of the agreement was to remove trade tariffs on products for a period of not less than 15 years and at the same time limit trade contacts with outsider countries in the globe. The agreement was also expected to increase and enlarge their farmers markets and stimulate economic growth. Recently there have been calls to renegotiate or suspend the Agreement after fourteen years in operations. Clearly though Mexico has benefited from its membership in the block, which is said to be the among the world’s richest blocs. It has for example acted to increase Mexico’s amounts of exports, and also increase the amount the country receives from the United States in terms of foreign direct investments (Pasco 72-73). The agreement has also led to an increase of job opportunities for Mexicans also accompanied with an increase in wages especially in the areas with most foreign investors. #4 Governments position on trade and foreign investment In the past few decades Mexico has transitioned from a closed economy to an open economy. The policy of open trade has enabled the country to face the challenges brought by the economic slow down and financial markets that are not stable. In early years of the 80’s the country took a step towards unilaterally liberalizing its economy. The country then took domestic measures with the aim of encouraging foreign investment and deregulating business activities. In the early 90’s the country embraced the country took the initiative of opening its markets by undertaking international trade negotiations with the principles of reciprocity and balance in mind. The country has currently signed various bilateral investment agreements and not less than nine international free trade. The result has been export oriented growth and industrial competitiveness. The policies have also led to preferential market access of their exports to more than 800 million consumers that benefit from their exports and have additionally opened up new investment opportunities. Generally the Mexican strategy of free trade agreements has been critical in improving its competitiveness on a global scale, increased trade and long term growth. Its current network of trade agreements can be said to be the major cause of the impressive trade flows in the country. Mexico appears among the ten largest trading countries in the world. In 2003 for example the country had exports costing not less than $165 million. Basically its quantity of exports has tripled since 1993. Mexico has also been transformed to become a manufacturing export center courtesy of trade liberalization. Currently most of the country’s exports are largely manufactured goods a change from the early 80’s when the greater percentage of exports was oil. Their young productive labor together with the measures of investment protections and tariff elimination are among the factors that have encouraged foreign investments making it a manufacturing hub. Their auto, electronics and textile and apparel industries have industries have been the most beneficiaries of trade liberalization (Pasco 72-73). . # Reasons why Canadian companies should trade/invest there and reasons why they should not. Mexico comes across as a very viable country for Canada to invest in. Among the reasons are its strategic position, economic indicators, policies that aim at encouraging foreign investors and a conducive environment for investment among many others. The country is made up of 32 federal States of which each is free and sovereign and its territory extends to not less than one million square kilometers. The country borders Guatemala, Belize and the United States. The country additionally hosts more than one hundred million inhabitants of all religious affiliations meaning that all beliefs are represented without bias though the majority of the population is Christian. Spanish is the official language of Mexico although it has more than 66 kinds of languages. The country currency is called Peso. The country’s place of location allows it to supply the markets in North America and also to have access to potential world inputs and modern technologies. The Jalisco, Quintana Roo, Colimo are among the federative entities whose populations greatly participate in economic enhancement. Its population consists of not less than 1 million unemployed citizens. The country is endowed with an attractive investment environment even as demonstrated by the following statistics: in 2007 the country was ranked as the 12th largest economy in the world by the virtue of its GDP; with regards to its oil reserves it appears as number 17 globally; additionally the country is a very important tourist destination ranking eight globally in this regard. Moreover the country is among the top ten countries in the world that benefit most from foreign direct investment. Additionally their fiscal and monetary policies have served to ensure that the country enjoys periods of macroeconomic stability with reference to the recent years. In fact it was named the best Latin American country in terms of favourable business conditions and placement of foreigners’ capitals. The stable economy that it has enjoyed has led to it accommodating not less 30,000 foreign companies. The economic stability therefore makes it a good destination for conducting profitable business. In order to attract more investment the country has a consolidation of several sectors of production which include of industries such as the automobiles industry which was ranked 7th globally, electronic industry, telecommunications industry, the information technology and software industry. These sectors provide different kinds of opportunities for Canadian investors. The country additionally has good relationships business wise with other countries in the global scenario. This has allowed it to have preferential access to the markets in Israel, North America, and the European Union just to mention a few. The preferential access it enjoys combined with its cheap yet young and qualified labor force make the country a lucrative destination for investment by Canadians. The Bilateral Investment Treaties that the country has signed should be an attraction enough for Canadian investors. Through these treaties the country offers legal protection and security to it foreign investors. Moreover the country offers a low risk return combination that guarantees the investors markets access prevailing conditions of macroeconomic stability, transparency and political stability. Additionally investors have the opportunity of benefiting from the high quality inputs offered at affordable prices, growing domestic markets, and wide array of trade agreements. In spite of this Canada may not need to invest in Mexico because of the fact that Mexico is among the top countries with high levels of corruption in the region. Any country with high levels of corruption is should be scary to investors because it simply implies that investors will have to spend more than is necessary in order to get value for their money. The effects of corruption in fact go way past the monetary costs. The country also suffers from poor infrastructural networks although the government is taking steps to ensure that infrastructure is improved to allow investors to have access to any market and on time. The country is also consumed by the culture of drug abuse among its especially productive population. This means that in a way the investor security can not be guaranteed. The country also has strict legal and regulatory frameworks that may serve to impede the speed by which an investor can establish his business. The effects of agglomeration also may work to hinder any Canadians that would want to invest in Mexico. In conclusion Mexico would be a wise choice for any investor, this is because the country has done everything to ensure that its business people will not only be able to access the internal but also the external markets especially through the many trade agreements it has signed. This means that all the established businesses in the country have the potential to operate profitably.

Who Manipulates the Operations and Activities of the United Nations Free Essay Example, 3000 words

The establishment of NATO happened without any comprehensive consultation with the UN. The NATO came as a desire of the western powers to undermine powers of the Soviet Union. The treaty, which formed NATO defeats the purpose of collective security provided in the UN charter. Right from the start, the United States supported the UN as long as it supported its interests. The United States refused to assist the world body when it went contrary to its interests. The western states have used the UN to legitimize their intervention in affairs of other states. The mighty powers use Machinery of the UN as a camouflage with the intention of safeguarding their political, economic and commercial interests. However, these countries claim that moral considerations of supporting the UN motivate their actions. The UN has little it can do to prevent the intervention of the western powers. Although the world body came to avoid intervention, the old system of intervention still remains. The interven tion of western powers in UN affairs clearly shows that the body works in the interest of western states. The action on Korea, taken in 1950 by the United Nations portrays the influence of western powers in UN governance. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Manipulates the Operations and Activities of the United Nations or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Article Use Of Death Penalty - 873 Words

The article Use of Death Penalty by J.S. Mill brings up many arguments about why the death penalty should exist. Mill was strongly opposed to the idea of not having the death penalty and wrote this article when the British Parliament was going to ban it. He makes several arguments about the benefits and repercussions of having the death penalty. After reading them further, I believe that death penalty should be allowed, but there should be strict guidelines as to when it is used. There are many points that Mill goes through as to why death penalty should be allowed by government. The main argument that J.S. Mill states is, â€Å"he greatest crime known to the law; and when the attendant circumstances suggest no palliation of the guilt, no hope that the culprit may even yet not be unworthy to live among mankind, nothing to make it probable that the crime was an exception to his general character rather than a consequence of it.† His main argument states that he believes people who have no remorse for the crime they committed, should be killed and that by dying, there will be justice served. But Mill also continues to state how it is the â€Å"least cruel† punishment for a murderer and there could be worse punishments. Also, there are parts of the article where Mill contradicts his argument to have the death penalty. For example, he states,† that if by an error of justice an innocent person is put to death, the mistake can never be corrected.† This statement is concerning because ifShow MoreRelatedCosts Of The Death Penalty1237 Words   |  5 PagesCosts of the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. This article evaluates studies done in states all over the U.S to show much money is spent on capital punishment. For each state, the author provides a small summary, including statistics, and then provides the link to the original article where the information derived from. Thus, giving this article authority, by citing all sources, and also accuracy because of the studiedRead MoreThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texas1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texas Introduction A lot of heat and controversy surrounds capital punishment in today’s society. The death penalty was built into the Texas justice system in 1835 and has retained most of its strength compared to the rest of the states. The famous motto â€Å"Don’t Mess with Texas† stands true when concerning the death penalty; In Kenneth William’s article, â€Å"Texas: Tough on Murderers or on Fairness?.† Williams states, â€Å"No one promotes this message [Don’t Mess withRead MoreThe Death Penalty : Costly, Counterproductive, And Corrupting1678 Words   |  7 PagesBright, Stephen B.: The death penalty as the answer to crime: costly, counterproductive and corrupting; 35 Santa Clara Law Review 1211 (1995) Summary paragraph: In Stephen Bright’s article, â€Å"The Death Penalty as the Answer to Crime: Costly, Counterproductive, and Corrupting† Bright asserts that capital punishment does not work because it is racially biased, the quality of the lawyers and attorneys supplied by the state to poor defendants is unfair, and that the law system currently in place doesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Has Been Considered An Issue Since The1607 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty has been considered an issue since the Eighteenth century, when the first established death penalty laws were in effect. There are vast differences in the way people view the death penalty; some oppose it and some agree with it. In the recent decades the death penalty has become a more popular controversial topic. The people who oppose the death penalty have very different reasons than people who agree with it. Death penalty advocates believe that the death penalty deters crimeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1 135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death Penalty In Kellow Chesneys book The Victorian Underworld illustrates that the Victorians tried to use the death penalty as a means of controlling criminal elements in forms of hangings, lethal injection,Electrocution, and firing squads in order to prevent crime( the victorian underworld). in Victorian times, the death penalty was used as a means of controlling. There should be abolishment of this because of the countless innocent men and women being put to death for the stated purposeRead MoreThe Case Against Death Penalty: Article Analysis1694 Words   |  7 PagesOpposing the Death Penalty: The death penalty is basically enforced following unfair trials and for non-lethal offenses like economic crimes, drug-related crimes, and sexual relations between consenting adults. While there have been ongoing calls to abolish this sentence, capital punishment is still used in some cases on the basis that international law does not prohibit the death penalty. However, its now apparent that many nations across the globe are abolishing capital punishment as evidentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not Effective911 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty is wrong because capital punishment is not effective in reducing the amount of crime, it claims the lives of innocent people, it is unfair and biased, and most importantly, it is far more costly than a life in prison. The death penalty is not effective in reducing the amount of crime that occurs in our country. There is no evidence that the death penalty discourages or deters crime. The psychological mindset of a criminal is that they are not capable of thinking of the outcomeRead MoreBureau Of Justice Statistics : The United States Primary Source For Criminal Justice1439 Words   |  6 Pagesefficient and evenhanded. The website is relevant to my topic as the site have information such as information on executions, trends, clear definition, and time between imposition of death sentence and execution. The site was revised the same date of access, therefore the information is up to date and would be useful. Death Penalty: Pros and Cons ProCon.org. n.p.13 Apr. 2009. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. ProCon.org is a nonprofit public charity. It provides resources for critical thinking without bias. The informationRead MoreCapital Punishment Has Always Been A Major Controversy1710 Words   |  7 PagesSupreme Court ruled it constitutional. Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, became extremely popular as a use of â€Å"punishment† for ones illegal actions. The death penalty was first established during 1834 for crimes committed such as â€Å"idolatry, witchcraft, blasphemy, murder, manslaughter, poisoning, bestiality, sodomy, adultery, man stealing, and false witness in case rebellion† (Bohm). According to Bohm’s article, â€Å"during the previous years, everyone was evil, plagued by the curse of originalRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Also Commonly Referred As Capital1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe death penalty is also commonly referred as capital punishment. The definition of the death penalty is defined as by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"Execution of an offender sentenced to death after a conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense.† Capital punishment has been widely being used for centuries it is known today, as well as the debates that arise with this subject. The history of the Capital punishment goes back as far as Ancient Laws of China. The death penalty was established as punishment

Childhood Poverty Essay - 1574 Words

We as Americans are extremely lucky. We live in a big country with many resources and almost all the luxuries we ever wanted. On the flip side, in America there are also many people who do not have these privileges. The lower class is a struggling class. For many years, people have been trying to pull themselves up from the lower class and the majority does not succeed. Childhood poverty is a large problem in the U.S. It is said that the poorest people in the United States are the children of the lower class. Childhood poverty could lead to a number of problems such as hunger, violence, physical and mental disabilities, educational problems, homelessness, family stress, sickness, and too-early parenthood. The sad truth is that†¦show more content†¦This makes things much more difficult, especially for those women whom are single teen parents. Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of high school and be dependent on welfare. The level of education for the parent s is also another aspect of poverty. Other characteristics that contribute to poverty parents are their emotional status, or even mental retardation. Children are faced with many consequences due to growing up in poverty. Most children who live in poverty go to poor unsuitable schools, live in unexceptable housing, and grow up around more violence and crime than any other parent would wish for their child. As soon as the child is born into poverty, they begin to feel the effects of it. They tend to have low birth weight and contain a higher risk of dying during infancy. We watched a video in class that showed that poverty could take a toll on the child’s learning capabilities, and health status. There were stories of children with hyperactivity problems, chronic ear infections which caused hearing loss, and even children who were not receiving the proper amount of nutrients to be able to grow and function correctly. The first years of a child’s life are the most crucial because most of the development of the brain occurs then. A large problem of childhood poverty is malnutrition. Since these children are growing up in poverty, many of the parents have a hard time supplying food for their kids. Surprisingly, thereShow MoreRelatedChildhood Poverty3641 Words   |  15 PagesRESEARCH/LITERATURE REVIEW OF ISSUES RELATED TO CHILDREN LIVING IN POVERTY _________________________________________________ A PAPER SUMBITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FS 5833: FAMILY ECONOMICS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY SCIENCES TEXAS WOMAN’S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION BY SARAH KERAMATI ______________________________________________ DENTON, TEXAS APRIL 2012 Introduction Over the last few decades, the world has drastically changedRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty On Childhood Development924 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship between poverty, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and childhood development. While poverty can be directly linked to negative developments in terms of health status it is also indirectly linked to other important factors such as; mental health, physiological wellbeing and education, all of which have major impacts on childhood development which can also be transferred into adulthood. This essay aims to evaluate the literature available on the effects of poverty on childhood development andRead MoreChildhood Poverty And Its Effects On Children And Families1513 Words   |  7 Pageslive in poverty or low-income families face many challenges. When a child is from a low-income family, you must know and understand the obstacles the child and their families may face. There are many ways living in poverty can affect children and fami lies; educationally, physically, and emotionally, cognitively, and socially. There are resources available and beneficial information to encourage and benefit families who live in poverty or low-income families. Childhood poverty comes alongRead MoreIts Time To End Childhood Poverty Essay617 Words   |  3 Pagesof childhood poverty. It is truly a growing problem in the world, and after doing some research, I have realized exactly how severe the situation is. I initially got interested in this issue after participating in a â€Å"Habitat for Humanity† trip to an extremely impoverished part of Birmingham, Alabama. Seeing as how people didn’t have proper shelter, transportation, or food made me very worried, and since then, I have wanted to spread the word and bring people to action. The topic of childhood povertyRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Middle Childhood Development1403 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty can have a strong influence on various kinds of development throughout middle childhood. It can alter socioemotional development, cognitive development, and physical health. (Evans, 2013). Parenting practices, neighborhoods, and overall environment play a significant role regar ding to the emotional and physical health during development in middle childhood. Disruption with physical and emotional health could potentially cause harm to the child. In this essay, I will explain how poverty affectsRead MoreIts Time To End Childhood Poverty Essay2130 Words   |  9 Pages Poverty is defined in many ways. The dictionary definition simply does not suffice to show the human cost of poverty. Poverty is much more than the limited capital resources that this definition suggests. Poverty is defined by the federal government as 16,660 for a family of four in 1998 (â€Å"Child Poverty in the United States† 2000). These figures are tremendously flawed; a single individual residing in the United States would not fare well by the standards of most individuals at this income levelRead MoreChildhood Obesity And High Poverty Neighborhoods Essay2187 Words   |  9 PagesChildhood Obesity in High-Poverty Neighborhoods Over the last thirty years, there has been an increase in the widespread presence of childhood obesity, as reported by the American Obesity Association (AOA) in Eliadis’ (2006) commentary article. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), childhood obesity â€Å"is now considered the number one nutritional public health concern of children and adolescents in the United States† (Sealy, Y., Farmer, G., 2011). Individuals livingRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Poverty On The Community And Society Essay2484 Words   |  10 Pages This paper will be introducing and discussing child poverty. The focus will be on the ongoing problem of child poverty within developed countries and the negative consequence of child poverty including its impacts on economic and social chances for those in poverty. I will be seeking to determine the negative effects of childhood poverty on the individual, whether that be an immediate effect, a lasting long-ter m effect, or something that does not show up until later on in life. Secondly IRead MoreThe Impact Of Poverty On Children s Development And Early Childhood Programs2790 Words   |  12 PagesANALYSIS OF ARTICLES RELATED TO: The impact of poverty on children’s development and early childhood programs A literature review submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course SPS6805 To Dr. Phil Lazarus by Jessica R. Rothman Fall 2014 The purpose of this literature review was to review articles examining the influence poverty may or may not have on young children. Additionally, after determining risks children living in poverty face, a review of literature studying earlyRead MoreObesity : Childhood Hunger And Poverty1146 Words   |  5 PagesObesity Caused by Childhood Hunger and Poverty America is a wealthy nation, yet 10.6% of households with children (4.2 million) suffer from food insecurity [1]. Low-income households are also much more likely than others to suffer from childhood hunger, caused by a recurrent or involuntary lack of food. The USDA defines food insecurity as â€Å"limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways†

Araby Literary Critique free essay sample

Araby, by James Joyce, is a story about an unnamed narrator who becomes infatuated with his friend, Mangan’s, sister, but does not have the courage, nor the will power to pursue his affections. After observing her in the gloomy streets of Dublin for some time, an opportunity finally presents itself as Mangan’s sister initiates conversation with the narrator, altering the narrator’s otherwise repetitive and simple life. â€Å"I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood† (Joyce).Mangan’s sister asks the narrator if he is going to Araby, a Dublin bazaar which she cannot attend due to a prior school commitment. Shocked and confused, the narrator offers to bring her something from the bazar, a conversation which launches him into a period of intense anticipation and eagerness to go. â€Å"I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† (Joyce). We will write a custom essay sample on Araby Literary Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is unable to concentrate in school, finding the work tedious; his thoughts are consumed by Mangan’s sister. The morning of the departure for the bazaar, the narrator reminds his uncle to return home early with the train fare, yet his uncle keeps the narrator waiting in constant anticipation and eagerness. It is not until much later that the uncle returns home with the train fare, insouciant about forgetting the narrator’s plans. After a lonely train ride, he arrives at the bazaar to find the shops closing for the night. I lingered before her stall, though I knew my stay was useless† (Joyce). The narrator begins to contemplate why he is there and becomes upset as he makes discoveries about himself. â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (Joyce). In Araby, Joyce is able to show contrast between the familiarity and routine of everyday and the allure of the excitement of new love by his use of language, symbolism and metaphor.The attention to detail which Joyce took allows the reader to experience the mundane environment and adds a feeling of melancholy to the story. â€Å"When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre† (Joyce). As seen in the previous quotation, the description of the environment portrays a dull town and a repetitive, tedious life. â€Å"I wished to annihilate the tedious intervening days† (Joyce). Furthermore, the story references the late priest which had lived in the house previously to the narrator, giving the story a dark, empathetic feeling.Joyce also used symbolism to help the reader interpret the meaning of the piece. The bazaar was symbolic of the adventure and change to an otherwise routine lifestyle, just as Magnan’s sister was symbolic of the narrator’s navigation from childhood to adulthood, representing desire as well as freedom. Joyce also used metaphor to give the story depth, comparing the mindless actions of child play with the narrator’s need for liberation by creating a hierarchy between teacher and student. I watched my master’s face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me child’s play, ugly monotonous child’s play† (Joyce). The story seems anonymous as neither the narrator nor Magnan’s sister is ever named, suggesting that there is no room for love or variation in an otherwise tedious, routine life.Through frustration, Joyce conceives the thought that all people experience an infuriating desire for love and adventure, regardless of its plausibility or attainability. Joyce succeeds in relaying the theme of his work as he tells the tragic story in a suspenseful manner, using literary devices and attention to detail to give the story depth. The narrator has evolved from immaturity to the beginnings of adulthood, along with the discovery of his disappointin g reality.

The Making Of The Cat Essays - Evolutionary Biology,

The Making Of The Cat R. Roger Breton Nancy J Creek ------------------------ Soup or Sandwich IN THE VERY BEGINNING, about 4.6 billion years ago (give or take a few years), a small ball of rock, water and gas had come to be and immedi- ately set about the process of combining its atoms into more and more complex arrangements. Thus began that most wondrous story, the evolu- tion of life on Earth. For the first 2.1 billion years of the Earth's existence, the Archeo- zoic Era, life very slowly evolved. The Earth's crust was still in flux and covered for the most part by shallow seas. The atmosphere was composed primarily of methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor. From these primitive chemicals life evolved. There are two primary schools of thought on the processes involved: the "soup" theory and the "sandwich" theory. According to the more-popular soup theory, chemical evolution first took place in the upper atmosphere, where ultraviolet radiation from the sun could generate an assortment of simple and complex organic (carbon-based) molecules out of the basic components of the atmos- phere. As these molecules slowly rained into the early oceans, a kind of primordial soup was created. Via the ultraviolet radiation, light- ning, volcanic action, and other forms of heat and energy, this soup was able to slowly combine the organic molecules into ever more com- plex forms: first simple amino acids, then organic macromolecules, then single-strand RNA molecules, and finally simple viruses. The only trouble with the soup theory is that is almost definitely wrong! The time required for it to work is statistically greater than the lifetime of the Earth. The time is only statistically greater, however, and anything is possible... Various explanations have been put forth to account for this time discrepancy. The most popular of these is the seeding of the early seas by organic molecules from space. This seeding could have been either through organic molecules present in the original formation of the Earth, or from later bombardment by meteors or more likely comets containing the organic compounds (a cosmic soup mix). None of the compensatory theories put forth are very likely, however. This brings us to the sandwich theory. The sandwich theory states that complex organic molecules formed on the surface of undersea crystalline rocks, such as those surrounding volcanic vents. The name "sandwich theory" comes about because the active area is sandwiched between the sea and the rock. Besides, what scientist could resist the "soup and sandwich" pun! Free-floating molecules in the water tend to cling to smooth surfaces. This surface effect allows various molecules to gather in one place. Ultraviolet energy from the sun or, more likely, heat from volcanic vents, would allow this gathering of simple molecules to combine into more complex organic molecules rather easily. Some of the simplest organic molecules are scums, easily formed on flat surfaces, which themselves are sticky and gather more simple molecules. Within these scums, ever more complex molecules are easily formed. These more complex molecules tend to be three-dimensional, and bulge outward from the rock surfaces. This allows them to be easily washed away by the sea, forming a primordial soup not of basic simple mole- cules, but of the far more complex and already evolved RNA macromole- cules and possibly even viruses. Viruses are fundamentally RNA and amino-acid conglomerates with many life-like properties. Although it is open to debate as to whether or not they are themselves alive, viruses are definitely right on the edge: simpler things are clearly not alive, while more complex things clearly are. One aspect of the sandwich theory is that at undersea volcanic vents today life may still be evolving from basic components! This exciting possibility is being carefully investigated and holds great promise for the future. The Great Pollution After the virus, life was off and running. During the next 500 mil- lion or so years, viruses evolved into simple prokaryotes, single- celled living beings without a cellular nucleus. In this case, blue- green algae, the first plants. This marked the beginning of the Proterozoic Era, about 2.5 billion years ago. Blue-green algae are blue-green because they possess that truly wondrous molecule, chlorophyll. It is chlorophyll which makes possible the production of food directly from sunlight and the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This is the process of photosynthesis. A side-effect of photosynthesis is the generation of free oxygen as a waste product. Free oxygen combined with itself and the methane and ammonia in the atmosphere to form ozone, water, free nitrogen, and more carbon dioxide. Over the next